middle paloezoic
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| Taconic land eroded flat | Silurian
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| transgression | Phase 1
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| abundant salt deposits developed ~500 m thick | Phase 1
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| shallow epicontinental seas | Phase 1
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| eastern US and Europe | Acadian orogeny
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| in Europe the equivalent event | Caledonian orogeny
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| collision first in the north - then migrated south | Phase 2
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| regression | Phase 2
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| Late Devonian - expressed in Nevada rocks | orogenic activity
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| western US (small scale event) | Antler orogeny
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| 2. off shore sediments and island arcs thrust on land | Antler orogeny
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| D. Climate relatively warm through the Silurian to the later Devonian | Antler orogeny
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| high latitude cooler temperatures during the | Devonian
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| global climate deteriorated toward the Earth | carboniferous
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| glaciation started | Famennian- latest devonian
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| necessary before animals can live on land | Silurian Life land plants
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| rigid stalk or stem as a support system | Silurian plants
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| vascular systems to distribute nutrients | Silurian plants
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| leaves to increase surface area | Silurian plants
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| reproduction using spores | Silurian plants
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| require warm climates | major reef complexes
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| corals | major reef complexes
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| stromatoporoids and tabulates | major reef complexes
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| dominant predator, to 2 meters in size | eurypterid
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| major diversity of brachiopods | Silurian life
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| nautiloids and crinoids abundant | Silurian life
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| fauna flourishing | Ordovician
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| trilobites recovery limited | Late Ordovician extinction
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| major fish adaptive radiation | vertebrates
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| (bony skin fish) in fresh water deposits | ostracoderms
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| no jaws | ostracoderms
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| armored | ostracoderms
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| acanthodians (fish) marine and fresh water | acanthodians
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| fins and spines | acanthodians
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| scales and jaws | acanthodians
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| generally mud-grubbers | acanthodians
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| a root system to collect nutrients | Early Devonian plants
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| reproduction using spores | Early Devonian plants
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| restricted to damp habitats | Early Devonian plants
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| branching root systems | Middle Devonian
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| first forests | Middle Devonian
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| plants widely spread over land | Middle Devonian
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| most primitive gymnosperms | Middle Devonian
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| first seeds | Middle Devonian
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| liberated plants from moist habitats | Middle Devonian
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| pollen for reproduction | Middle Devonian
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| trees occupied land for the first time | Late Devonian
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| spore plant; first tree (30 m) | Archaeopteris
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| due to broad leaves to capture sunlight | Archaeopteris
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| swimming predators | ammonites
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| (Lower Devonian) | Emsian Stage
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| spiny brachiopods | Emsian Stage
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| conodont high point | Emsian Stage
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| animals move on land | Early Devonian
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| scorpions | Early Devonian
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| flightless insects | Early Devonian
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| main guide fossil for GSSPs | conodonts
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| Age of the Fishes | Devonian
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| sharks | cartilagenous
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| rays | cartilagenous
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| most successful fish | bony
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| lobe finned fish | bony
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| direct line to land vertebrates | lobe finned fish
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| endo-skeleton - most important | lobe finned fish
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| muscular | lobe finned fish
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| most fresh water | lobe finned fish
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| coelacanths invaded oceans | lobe finned fish
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| only remaining relative alive | coelacanths
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| includes lungfishes | lobe finned fish
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| dominant in later Phanerozoic | ray finned fish
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| Late Devonian - land vertebrates | Amphibians
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| reason: competition in water was fierce | Amphibians
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| lobe finned fish out of water; had a lung | Amphibians
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| converted into a walking limb | fin
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| found in Greenland rocks; ~60 cm long | ichthyostega
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| limited by need of water for reproduction | ichthyostega
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| classed by backbone structure | ichthyostega
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| - due to necessary support against gravity | ichthyostega
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| - one of five greatest in Earth history - maybe | Late Devonian Mass Extinction
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| occurred at the Frasnian-Famennian stage boundary | Late Devonian Mass Extinction
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| cause unknown - perhaps due to Greenhouse cooling | Late Devonian Mass Extinction
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| - resulting from CO2 reduction in the atmosphere by forests | Late Devonian Mass Extinction
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| further extinctions due to glaciation | D-C boundary
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| Land plants abundant; Trees in the Devonian | Plants
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| intense competition from predators | Invertebrates
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| trending toward mobile forms | Invertebrates
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| Fish advanced; Amphibians on land | Vertebrates
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Created by:
lmulke1
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