lower paloezoic
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| general aspects for Cambrian - Ordovician | tectonic cycles
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| transgressive phase - Cambrian | phase 1
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| oceans over continents forming epeiric (inland) seas | phase 1
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| Cambriain - most of the craton covered by water | epeiric seas
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| warm climate | phase 1
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| volcanism at a low ebb | phase 1
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| sandstones - shales - limestones | sediments
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| offshore overlies onshore | Walther's Law - Transgressive section
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| interfingering relationships | Walther's Law - Transgressive section
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| time lines cut lithologies | Walther's Law - Transgressive section
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| mainly fine grained marine sediment | Walther's Law - Transgressive section
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| limestones dominated | marine sediment
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| near-shore clastics | marine sediment
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| sequences thickening offshore due to sediment loading and lithosphere cooling | Walther's Law - Transgressive section
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| regressive phase - Late Ordovician | phase 2
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| retreating water due to major glaciation - sea level fall | phase 2
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| coastal land disturbance and uplift | phase 2
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| continental sediment abundant | phase 2
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| climates diversify | phase 2
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| cooler temperatures | phase 2
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| (Phase 1 transgression) | early cambrian
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| trilobites abundant | Phase 1
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| liked warm, shallow fine grained system | trilobites
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| Laurentia (N. Am., Greenland, British Isles) | Phase 1
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| just north of the equator | Laurentia
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| rotated 90o | Laurentia
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| global circulation changes, regression | Late Cambrian
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| climatic cooling | Late Cambrian
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| periodic trilobite mass extinctions | Late Cambrian
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| dark shales deposited with fossil graptolites | Middle Ordovician
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| identified as the graptolite facies | Middle Ordovician
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| Laurentia still near equator but rotated 45o | Middle Ordovician
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| position continents by latitude | paleomagnetism
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| faunal provinces indicate latitude | paleobiogeography
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| sediments as climate indicators | paleoclimatology
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| warm, dry | dunes
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| warm, wet | coals
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| cold, wet (glaciation) | tills
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| Grenville to 880 Ma | Precambrian disturbance
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| settled into transgressive phase 1 in the Cambrian | Precambrian disturbance
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| Ozark Mts. - Precambrian | broad continental highs
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| Transcontinental Arch; cambrian | broad continental highs
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| Wisconsin Dome; cambrian | broad continental highs
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| Ordovician - Cincinnati Arch | broad continental highs
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| Late Ordovician | Taconic Orogeny
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| only in the Eastern US - Appalachian area | (Phase 2 regression)
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| Western Laurentia was stable | (Phase 2 regression)
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| Laurentia - collided with an island arc | (Phase 2 regression)
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| oceanic crust obducted - thrust up | Taconic Orogeny
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| ophiolites (ocean crust) exposed | Taconic Orogeny
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| Iapetus (proto-atlantic) Ocean beginning to close | Taconic Orogeny
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| eroded sands spread west from eastern highs | phase 2
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| abundant salt deposits developed ~500 m thick | (Phase 1 transgression)
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| shallow epicontinental seas | (Phase 1 transgression)
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| early Cambrian - radiation of life was slow | cambrian life
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| algae in epicontinental seas | plants
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| abundant, marine; calcium used in shells | invertebrates
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| uses inorganics as food - plants | autotrophic
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| uses organics as food - animals | heterotrophic
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| fixed forms were filter or suspension feeders | Modes of Life
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| most mobile forms were deposit feeders | Modes of Life
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| Siberia | Tommotian Fauna
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| small skeletal elements | Tommotian Fauna
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| many not associated with any living phylum | Tommotian Fauna
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| some ancestral to mollusks; brachiopods; sponges | Tommotian Fauna
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| Age of trilobites | (Arthropods)
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| 75% of all Cambrian fossils | (Arthropods)
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| good guide/index fossils | (Arthropods)
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| lived on shallow shelves | (Arthropods)
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| bottom feeder | (Arthropods)
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| calcium phosphate carapace | (Arthropods)
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| fixed to the bottom | brachiopods
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| phosphatic shells | brachiopods
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| mainly inarticulate | brachiopods
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| Class Inarticulata | brachiopods
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| not hinged | brachiopods
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| extinction in the Cambrian | archaeocyathids
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| cone shaped | archaeocyathids
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| helped form early reefs in Tommotian time | archaeocyathids
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| closely related to sponges | archaeocyathids
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| Middle Cambrian | Burgess Shale
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| black shale in the Canadian Rocky Mountains | Burgess Shale
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| soft body organisms well preserved | Burgess Shale
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| Pikaia - Burgess Shale | first vertebrate
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| has a notochord | chordate
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| named Anatolepis) - dated at 510 Ma | first fish
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| found in the Deadwood formation, Wyoming | first fish
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| Cambrian to Triassic | conodonts
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| rasping organs from a chordate | conodonts
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| excellent guide fossil | conodonts
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| generally warm shallow seas | Ordovician life
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| Plants/bacteria - first land plants - restricted to moist habitats | Ordovician life
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| algae in epicontinental seas | plants
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| reproduction using spores | plants
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| significant decline - increased predation | stromatolites
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| major evolutionary radiation in the oceans | invertebrates
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| key guide fossils | graptolites
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| cephalopods advanced invertebrates | nautiloid
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| calcium carbonate shell (CaCO3) common | Middle - Late Ordovician
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| abundant oil/gas formed form organic material | Middle - Late Ordovician
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| height of trilobite development | Middle - Late Ordovician
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| eurypterids: water scorpions | Middle - Late Ordovician
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| corals (rugose) and crinoids common | Ordovician to Permian
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| first colonies of bryozoans | Ordovician to Permian
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| stromatoporoids and tabulates | Ordovician to Permian
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| fish continued adaptive radiation | Ordovician to Permian vertebrates
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| major mass extinction/glaciation near the end of the Ordovician | Ordovician to Permian
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