Vocab
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| Anima | Roman word for soul or life-force
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| Anubis | the jackel-headed Egyptian god of embalming
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| Ba | the Egyptian "soul" or spiritual coutnerpart of the body; could leave the tomb but had to return at night
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| Barber-Surgeons | a powerful organization of medieval health-care professoinals who sought a monopoly on the right to embalm
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| Catacombs | long underground tunnerls used by the pagan Romasn for burial and by the early
Christians for burial and for worship during times of persecution
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| Ceberus | three-headed, wild dog who guarded the way to hades
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| Cemeterium | burial ground (from the Greeek "sleeping place"
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| Cere Cloth | a waxed linen sheet used a shroud
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| Charnel House | a building holding the exhumed bones of bodies previously buried
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| Charon | the boatman who ferried souls to hades for a price
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| Colubarium | a wall-like structure with niches provided for the entombment of cremains (from the Latin "Dove-cote"
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| Conclamantes mortis | in Roman funeral pratice, hired female mourners
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| Designator | Roman assistant to the libitudinarius
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| Dionysus , Cult of | form of Greek religion; memebers believed in a happy immortality
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| Elysian Fields | the Greek term for paradise
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| Epicurians | a Greek and Roman school of philosophy whose memebers believed that both the soul and the body disintegrated after death
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| Funerales | torchbearers in a Roman funeral procession
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| Funeralis | Roman term for a torch-lit procession, from which comes our word "funeral"
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| Funus | Roman term for funeral rites
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| Hypogea | Eqyptian " rock-cut" tombs cut directly into or under cliffs (from the Greek "under the earth")
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| Ka | the Egyptian vital life force which generally resided in a ka-statue after death
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| Kher-heb | the Egyptian priest who took charge of the body and supervised the embalming
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| Kiones | round columns used in Greece to commemorate the dead
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| Kofinos | Greek word for "basket", from which comes the English word " coffin"
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| Libitudinaruis | Roman head undertaker and direct ancestor of today's professional funeral director
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| Libitina | Roman protector-goodness of human remains and funerals
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| Maat | ancient Egyptian concept of justice and "the way things ought to be"
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| Mastaba | a kind of Egyptian tomb, rectangular in shape with sloping sides and a flat roof, covering a shaft leading to an underground burial chamber
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| Naidia | Greek tombs built to llok like miniature temples
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| Natron | mizture of naturally-occuring salts used by the Egyptians to dehydrate bodies during the mummification process
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| Necropolis | term used by archeologists for ancient cemeteries, especially Egyptian ( from Gk. "city of the dead"
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| Obol | the Greek coin placed in the mouth of the deceased to pay Charon, the ferryman of the river Styx
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| Ossuary | a container of bones
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| Pollinctor | in ancient Rome, a low-status employee or slave who performed whatever primitive embalming may have been done
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| Praeco | in ancient Rome , the person who annoucned aloud on the streets the death of an individual and/or the approach of the funeral procession
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| Ra | Egyptian god of the sun
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| Requiem Mass | in early Christain practice, a religious service held for the repose of the soul of the deceased, often with the body present( from Latin requlies, rest or repose
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| Sarcophagus | a carved stone outer container protecting a coffin and the mummy within; direct ancestor of today's comcrete burial vault (from Gk. "flesh eater")
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| Saff tomb | a kind of Egpytian tomb consisting of a row of small. swuare tomb chambers surrounding an open courtyard
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| Sepulcher | a free-standing tomb structure (from Latin sepelire, to cover or bury
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| Sexton | medieval Chruch official in charge of the physical upkeep pf the chruch building and the churchyard and who assumed some of the undertaker's duites
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| Sheol | in anicent hebrew belief, the abode of the dead
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| Stelae | tall, rectangular stone shafts decorated with inscriptions and bas-reliefs and used as grave markers in ancient Greece
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| Styx | one of the rivers boundaries of hades , the Greek abode of the dead
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| Sumptuary Law | a law that limits the amount of money that can be spent on a funeral or on items considered to be luxuries
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| Tartarus | the anicent Greek version of Hell
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| Trapezae | square-cut ancient Greek tombs
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| Ushabtis | small statues of servants entombed with Egyptians mummies
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| Valhol(valhalla) | in Scandinavian (Viking) beliefs, the abode of the dead who died bravely in battle or after a successful life as a warrior
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| Wabt | the Egptian place of embalming ; direct ancester of the preparation room
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| Yakhu(Akhu) | in Egypatian belief. that part od the person which upon death became part of the starry constellations of the night sky and therefore, part of the universe
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