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Respiratory short forms & terminology

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term/short form
Answer
Carbon dioxide(CO2)   tasteless,colourless,odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolic process.  
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Cilia   Any hairlike structure. (ei. nose hair)  
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Diffuse   Moving or spreading out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces.  
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Homeostasis   State which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain a constant internal environment.  
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Mucous Membrane   Moist tissue layer lining hollow organs 7 cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa  
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pH   Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.  
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Septum   Wall dividing two cavities, such as the nasal septum, which separates the two nostrils.  
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Serous Membrane   Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa  
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nas/o   nose  
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rhin/o   ex.rhin/o/plasty : surgical repair of the septum.  
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sinus/o   sinus,cavity ex. sinus/o/tomy: incision of any of the sinuses.  
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-tomy   incision  
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tonsill/o   tonsils  
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pharyng/o   pharynx(throat)  
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pharyng/o/scope   instrument for examining the pharynx.  
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-scope   instrument for examining  
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epiglott/o   epiglottis  
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-itis   inflammation  
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laryng/o   larynx(voice box)  
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-plegia   paralysis  
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trache/o   trachea(windpipe)  
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bronchi/o   bronchus(plural,bronchi)  
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-ectasis   dilation,expansion  
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bronch/o   bronchus  
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bronchiol/o   bronchiole  
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alveol/o   alveolus (air sac)  
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-ar   pertaining to  
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pleur/o   pleura  
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pneum/o   air;lung  
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-ectomy   excision  
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pneumon/o   air;lung  
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-ia   condition  
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pulmon/o   lung  
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-logist   specialist in the study of  
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anthrac/o   coal,coal dust  
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-osis   abnormal condition;increase(used primarily with blood cells)  
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atel/o   incomplete;imperfect  
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coni/o   dust  
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cyan/o   blue  
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lob/o   lobe  
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orth/o   straight  
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-pnea   breathing  
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ox/i   oxygen  
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ox/o   oxygen  
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-meter   instrument for measuring  
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hyp-   under,below,deficient  
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-emia   blood condition  
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pector/o   chest  
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-algia   pain  
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steth/o   ex.steth/o/scope; instrument used for examining the chest.  
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thorac/o   ex. thorac/o/pathy; disease of the chest.  
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-pathy   disease  
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phren/o   diaphragm;mind  
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-spasm   involuntary contraction,twitching  
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spir/o   breathe  
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-capnia   carbon dioxide (CO2)  
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-osmia   smell  
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an-   without,not  
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-phonia   voice  
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dys-   bad,painful,difficult  
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a-   without,not  
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-ptysis   spitting  
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-thorax   chest  
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py/o   pus  
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brady-   slow  
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eu-   good,normal  
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tachy-   rapid,fast  
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acidosis   excessive acidity of body fluids  
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anosmia   absence of the sence of smell  
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apnea   temporary loss of breathing  
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asphyxia   condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen.  
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astelectasis   collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic & affect all part of a lung.  
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atel   incomplete;imperfect  
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration   Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all.  
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compliance   Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched.  
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Coryza   Head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)  
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Crackle   Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates,spasms,hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-full alveoli; also called rale.  
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Croup   Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs.  
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Deviated nasal septum   Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils.  
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Epiglottitis   Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis & supraglottis structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 & 12 years of age.  
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Epistaxis   Nosebleed;nasal hemorrhage.  
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Finger clubbing   Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers & toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease.  
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Hypoxemia   Deficiency of oxygen in the blood.  
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Hypoxia   Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.  
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Pertussis   Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough.  
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DPT   Diptheria-Pertussis-Tetanus; the immunization of infants, is effective in the prevention of pertussis.  
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Pleurisy   Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis.  
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Pneumoconiosis   Disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust(anthracosis),stone dust(chalicosis), iron dust(siderosis) & asbestos particles(asbetosis).  
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Pulmonary edema   Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues & alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure.  
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Pulmonary embolus   Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot,tissue,air bubbles,& bacteria).  
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Rhonchus   Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation.  
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Stridor   High-pitched,harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway.  
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)   Completely unexpected & unexplained death of an apparently normal,healthy infant, usually less than 12months of age; also called crib death.  
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Wheeze   Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway.  
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Mantoux test   Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the are around the test site becomes red & swollen.(A positive mantoux test suggets a past or present exposure to TB or past TB vaccination)  
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Oximetry   Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry.  
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Polysomnography   Test of sleep cycles & stages using continuous recordings of brain waves (EEGs),electrical activity of muscles,eye movement(electro-oculogram),respiratory rate,blood pressure,blood oxygen saturation,heart rhythm & sometimes,direct observation of person.  
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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)   Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in & expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane.  
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poly-   many;much  
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somn/o   sleep  
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Spirometry   Measurment of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity & flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air.  
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Bronchoscopy   Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope(flexible fiberoptic or rigid)inserted through the mouth & trachea for direct viewing of structures or of projection on a monitor.  
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Laryngoscopy   Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors,foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities.  
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Mediastinoscopy   Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart,trachea,esophagus,bronchus,thymus, & lymph nodes.  
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Mediastin/o   Mediastinum  
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Arterial blood gas (ABG)   Test that measures partial pressure of oxygen (Po2),carbon dioxide(Pco2),pH(acidity or alkalinity),& bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample.  
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Sputum culture   Microbial test used to indentify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pnemonias.  
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Sweat test   Measurement of the amount of salt(sodium chloride) in sweat. used almost exclusively in children to confirm cystic fibrosis.  
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Throat culture   Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci.  
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Radiography   Process of producing images using x-ray passed through the body or area & captured on a film.  
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Radi/o   Radiation,X-ray;radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)  
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Thoracic (chest)   Images of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP)projection, or combination of these projections.  
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Scan   Imaging procedure that gathers information about a specific organ or structure of the body. In some cases, small amounts of injected radionuclide(tracer) are used to enhance images.  
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Lung   Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli.  
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Aerosol therapy   Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways.Techniques include nebulizers,metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), & dry powder inhalers (DPIs)  
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Lavage   Irrigating or washing out of an organ,stomach,bladder,bowel,or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid.  
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Antral   Irrigation of the antrum(maxillary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis.  
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Postural drainage   Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage or secretions from the bronchi & lobes of the lungs.  
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Pleurectomy   Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal.  
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Pneumectomy   Excision of a lung.  
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Rhinoplasty   Reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes.  
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Septoplasty   Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures.  
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Thoracentesis   Surgical puncture & drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis.  
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Tracheostomy   Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck & into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted.  
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Antihistamines   Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissue.  
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Antitussives   Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain.  
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Bronchodilators   Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax,thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow.  
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Corticosteriods   Act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic & inflammatory actions.  
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Decongestants   Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages & limit blood flow,which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways.  
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Expectorants   Liquify respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes.  
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