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| What is the purpose of the nasal conchae? | Help increase the surface area for attachment of the mucous membrane |
| What is the purpose of the mucous membrane? | Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air, traps foreign particles |
| Where is the trachea located? | Extending from the larynx to the bronchi in front of the esophagus |
| What is occurring during inspiration? | Atmospheric pressure forces air into the lungs. |
| How do gases diffuse? | From regions of high partial pressure toward regions of lower partial pressure. |
| How is most carbon dioxide is transported? | In the form of bicarbonate ions. |
| What muscles act to change the size of the thorax? | Intercostals |
| What is the trachea maintained in an open position by? | Rings of hyaline cartilage |
| Which substance greatly reduces the attractive forces between the water molecules lining the alveoli so that they will not collapse? | Surfactant |
| How many lobes does each lung have? | The right lung has 3 lobes, the left lung has 2 lobes |
| Where are the apex and base of each lung? | Apex- near clavicle Base- rests on diaphragm |
| What gas is expelled by the lungs? | Carbon dioxide |
| What is the useful gas taken from the air? | Oxygen |
| What is the molecule HbO2? | Oxyhemoglobin- oxygen bound to hemoglobin as it travels in the blood |
| What is oxygen used for? | It is used in body tissues for cellular respiration that produces CO2 as a waste product. |
| What gas moves from the alveoli and into the capillaries? | Oxygen |
| What gas moves from the capillaries and into the alveoli? | Carbon dioxide |
| What are gas exchanges made by? | Diffusion |
| What is the anterior palate is made up of? | The maxillary and palatine bones |
| What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses? | Lighten the skull, act as resonance chambers for speech, produce mucus that drains into the nose |
| What is the rate of respiration is controlled by? | Set rates in the pons and medulla , oxygen sensor in the aorta and carotid artery, carbon dioxide levels in the blood |
| Where is the actual site of gas exchanges in the lungs? | Alveoli |
| What type of tissue are the walls of the alveoli composed of? | Simple squamous epithelium |
| In healthy lungs, this is always lower than atmospheric pressure, otherwise lungs would collapse. | Intrapleural pressure |
| As the diaphragm contracts, how does it move? What does this do to volume and pressure? | Moves downward, increasing the volume of the thorax and decreasing the pressure |
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