Metabolism and Energy Balance II
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| FUEL HOMEOSTASIS IN EXCERCISE AND STRESS | HOMEOSTASIS IN EXCERCISE AND STRESS
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| In excercise, that do the muscles use as their energy source? | Glucose, Fatty Acids, and their own Glycogen stores
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| Which of the following would yield more buring of calories and carbs? High or low intesity and what does the other do? | High intestity burns more carbs and calories, but low intensity burns more fat
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| What mediates changes in plasma glucose during the postabsorptive state? | Sympathetic stimulation
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| In the first hour, where is plasma glucose? | Stable
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| After the first hour of exercise ? | Decrease glucose, increase glucagon, and decrease insulin
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| So what happens to the intestity of excercise? | Decreases since you don't have as much energy
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| What does glucagon do? | Breaks down glycogen
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| So what happens to the sympathetic activity if INSULIN is decreased? | Increase sympathetic activity
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| So, plasma glucose is decreased, what happens to glucago secretion? | Increased glucagon-->glucaneogensis
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| Why do you see a decrease in insulin when you want to increase glucose intracellulary? | Increased EPI will suppress insulin secretion, and less insulin will be needed to stimulate glucose uptake
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| A catabolic, stressed process is post or pre-absorptive? | POST, DUDE!
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| Diabetes Mellitus, what happens? | Destroy beta cells, high plasma glucose, but no insulin! Thus, gluclose can't get into cell, and liver makes glucose with fats
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| What's the problem with glucose making w/ fat? | BAD for tissues
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| Diabetes Type II, what happens | Defect in beta cell responsiveness to elevated plasma glucose; insulin resistance
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| What can cause diabetic ketoacidosis? | Untreated type I
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| REGULATION OF PLASMA CHOLESTROL | CHOLESTROL
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| What do high levels of cholestrol cause? | Athroscloris--thick arteries in bod
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| Where is cholestrol synthesized? | Liver
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| How does cholestrol synthesis vary wrt ingested cholestro l?Can we regulate cholestrol? | Indiretly; YEAH!
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| What else does liver do with cholestrol? | Makes it into bile salts
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| How is cholestrol carried? and where to? | LDLs--deposit @ artery walls
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| What carries cholestrol from cells to liver? | HDL
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| What ratio of LDL/HDL do you want? Which do you want to be higher, then? HDL | LOW=GOOD
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| BONE GROWTH | BONE GROWTH
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| What happens to the epiphyseal plate when you've growth completly? | Close epi plates
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| What does growth ormone stimulate the release of? and from what? | IGF-1 from teh liver
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| Where does GH act to stimulate? | Protein synthesis
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| What is it called when adults have too much GH? | Acromegaly (alteration in growth tissue)
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| Why are thyroid hormones important? | They're required for GH synthesis. And help fetus brain development.
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| When does insulin stimulate growth? | IN UTERO (uterus )life
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| What do testostrone and estrogen do in regards to bone growth? | Stimulate GH secretion-->bone growth and they also close the epi plate.
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| What is an additional role of testrostrone? | Protein synthesis
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| Function of cortisol? | Inhibits growth and stimulates protein catabolism
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| BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENERGY EXPDENDITURE AND CALORIC BALANCE | CALORIC BALANCE
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| What is energy released as during a chemical reaction? | Heat or work
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| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | E = Heat + Work
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| Internal vs. external work? | (blank)
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| Total energy expenditure = | Heat produced + external work done + net molecular synthesis
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| What is the metabolic rate? | Total energy expenditure/time
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| Basal metabolic rate is MAINLY INCREASED by? | Thyroid hormone
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| What has similar effects? | activity, thermogenesis, epinephrine (glycogen and TAG)
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| When would you be building (+) up fat wrt metabolic rate and calorie content of food? | + fat when MR < calories
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| What is the relationship between metabolic rate and food intak? | direct, as food intake goes up, metabolic rate goes up
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| What are the effects of leptin AND where does it act? | Acts on the hypothalamus to reduce food intake and increase metabolic rate
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