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PHYS4
Metabolism and Energy Balance II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| FUEL HOMEOSTASIS IN EXCERCISE AND STRESS | HOMEOSTASIS IN EXCERCISE AND STRESS |
| In excercise, that do the muscles use as their energy source? | Glucose, Fatty Acids, and their own Glycogen stores |
| Which of the following would yield more buring of calories and carbs? High or low intesity and what does the other do? | High intestity burns more carbs and calories, but low intensity burns more fat |
| What mediates changes in plasma glucose during the postabsorptive state? | Sympathetic stimulation |
| In the first hour, where is plasma glucose? | Stable |
| After the first hour of exercise ? | Decrease glucose, increase glucagon, and decrease insulin |
| So what happens to the intestity of excercise? | Decreases since you don't have as much energy |
| What does glucagon do? | Breaks down glycogen |
| So what happens to the sympathetic activity if INSULIN is decreased? | Increase sympathetic activity |
| So, plasma glucose is decreased, what happens to glucago secretion? | Increased glucagon-->glucaneogensis |
| Why do you see a decrease in insulin when you want to increase glucose intracellulary? | Increased EPI will suppress insulin secretion, and less insulin will be needed to stimulate glucose uptake |
| A catabolic, stressed process is post or pre-absorptive? | POST, DUDE! |
| Diabetes Mellitus, what happens? | Destroy beta cells, high plasma glucose, but no insulin! Thus, gluclose can't get into cell, and liver makes glucose with fats |
| What's the problem with glucose making w/ fat? | BAD for tissues |
| Diabetes Type II, what happens | Defect in beta cell responsiveness to elevated plasma glucose; insulin resistance |
| What can cause diabetic ketoacidosis? | Untreated type I |
| REGULATION OF PLASMA CHOLESTROL | CHOLESTROL |
| What do high levels of cholestrol cause? | Athroscloris--thick arteries in bod |
| Where is cholestrol synthesized? | Liver |
| How does cholestrol synthesis vary wrt ingested cholestro l?Can we regulate cholestrol? | Indiretly; YEAH! |
| What else does liver do with cholestrol? | Makes it into bile salts |
| How is cholestrol carried? and where to? | LDLs--deposit @ artery walls |
| What carries cholestrol from cells to liver? | HDL |
| What ratio of LDL/HDL do you want? Which do you want to be higher, then? HDL | LOW=GOOD |
| BONE GROWTH | BONE GROWTH |
| What happens to the epiphyseal plate when you've growth completly? | Close epi plates |
| What does growth ormone stimulate the release of? and from what? | IGF-1 from teh liver |
| Where does GH act to stimulate? | Protein synthesis |
| What is it called when adults have too much GH? | Acromegaly (alteration in growth tissue) |
| Why are thyroid hormones important? | They're required for GH synthesis. And help fetus brain development. |
| When does insulin stimulate growth? | IN UTERO (uterus )life |
| What do testostrone and estrogen do in regards to bone growth? | Stimulate GH secretion-->bone growth and they also close the epi plate. |
| What is an additional role of testrostrone? | Protein synthesis |
| Function of cortisol? | Inhibits growth and stimulates protein catabolism |
| BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENERGY EXPDENDITURE AND CALORIC BALANCE | CALORIC BALANCE |
| What is energy released as during a chemical reaction? | Heat or work |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | E = Heat + Work |
| Internal vs. external work? | (blank) |
| Total energy expenditure = | Heat produced + external work done + net molecular synthesis |
| What is the metabolic rate? | Total energy expenditure/time |
| Basal metabolic rate is MAINLY INCREASED by? | Thyroid hormone |
| What has similar effects? | activity, thermogenesis, epinephrine (glycogen and TAG) |
| When would you be building (+) up fat wrt metabolic rate and calorie content of food? | + fat when MR < calories |
| What is the relationship between metabolic rate and food intak? | direct, as food intake goes up, metabolic rate goes up |
| What are the effects of leptin AND where does it act? | Acts on the hypothalamus to reduce food intake and increase metabolic rate |
Created by:
talkglitter2486