8th grade
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| labored | worked
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| consolidation | the practice of compining seperate companies
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| individuals | persons
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| railroad barons | powerful individuals that controlled the nation's rail traffic
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| cornelius vanderbilt | one of the first railroad barons
consolidated several companies
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| leland stanford | founded the central pacific, which connected california and utah
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| what were the advantages and disadvantaes of consolidation? | a-made larger companies more efficient
d-drove smaller companies out of business
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| standard gauge | the width of 4 feet 8.5 inches for the railroad tracks
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| george westinghouse | devised air brakes that improved the system for stopping trains, which made train travel safer
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| eli h. janney | developed janney cars which made it easeier for railroad workers to link cars
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| gustavus swift | enabled the railroads to ship meat and other perishable goods over long distances by inventing refrigerated carts
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| george m. pullman | develped the pullman sleeping car- a luxury railway car with seats tht converted into into beds for overnight journeys
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| rebates | secret discounts between large railroads
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| pools | secret agreements among railroad barons
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| what were some of the new technologies that improved railroad travel | refrigerated carts, pullman carts, janney cars, and air brakes
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| transmitted | sent
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| cyrus field | managed to lay a telegraph cable across the atlantic ocean
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| alexander graham bell | invented the telephone
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| describe the differences between a telegraph and a telephone | telegraph-transmitted messages in morse code
telephone- transmitted speech
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| george eastman | invented the kodak camera
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| john thurman | invented the vacuum cleaner
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| thomas edison | invented the lightbulb
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| menlo park | where thomas edisons workshop is in nj
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| lewis howard latimer | developed an improved wire for the lightbul and joined thomas edisons company
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| granville woods | invented an electrci incubator and railroad improvements such as an electromagnetic brake and an automatic circut braker
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| elijah mccoy | invented a mechanism for o8iling machinery
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| mechanism | mechanical device
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| jan e. matzeliger | developed a shoe-making machine
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| henry ford | invented an inexpensive car that would last a lifetime
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| model t | americas first mass production car made by the ford motor company
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| assembly line | a systme with machines and workers arranges so that each person perforns an assigned task again and again as items pass before him or her
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| mass production | the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line
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| mail order businesses | receiving and shipping orders by mail
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| chain stores | stores with identical branches in many places
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| model t | americas first mass production car made by the ford motor company
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| assembly line | a systme with machines and workers arranges so that each person perforns an assigned task again and again as items pass before him or her
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| mass production | the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line
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| mail order businesses | receiving and shipping orders by mail
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| chain stores | stores with identical branches in many places
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| petroleum | sticky black substances used to produce heat and smoke free light
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| edwin l drake | believed that he could find petroleum by digging a well
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| titusville, pa | sight of where edwin drake struck oil
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| factors of production | land labor and capital
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| capital | money for investment
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| corporation | company that sells shares
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| stock | shares
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| shareholders | people who invest in the corporation by buying stock
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| dividends | cash payments from the corporations profits
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| what was the first business to form corporations | railroads
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| john d rockefeller | most famous figure of the oil industry
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| partners | assosiates
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| standard oil company of ohio | founded by rockefeller
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| horizontal integration | combining competing companies into one corporation
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| trust | group of companies managed by the same board of directors
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| monopoly | total control of an industry by a single producer
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| andrew carnegie | powerful in the steel industry
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| vertical integration | acquiring companies that provided the equipment and services they needed
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| philantrooy | the use of money to benefit the community
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| carnegie hall | one of the worlds most famous concert halls
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| trend | general movement
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| mergers | the combining of companies
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| sherman antitrust act | prohibited trusts and monopolies
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| sweatshops | crowded and dangerous urban factories
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| how many hours a week did industrial workers typically work | 10 to 12 hrs a day, six days a week
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| trade unions | organization with workers from the same trade or skill
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| Knights of Labor | trade union in philadelphia
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| identify | recognize
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| **how dod rockefeller create a monopoly with the standard oil company of ohio?** | rockefeller created a monopoly with the standard oil company of ohio by forming a trust of many different oil companies, and then the shareholders of the oil companies traded their stock for standard oil stock, which paid higher dividends.
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| **how did george westinghouse take thomas edisons work with electricity even further?** | george westinghouse took thomas edisons work with electricity even further by develpoing and building transformers that could send electric power more chepaly over longer distances.
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| **what were the working conditions of factory workers in the late 1800s and early 1900s?** | working conditions of factory workers in the late1800s and early1900s were unsafepeople worked in unsafe and unhealthy factory conditions and accidents were common in factories and mines. industrial laborers worked for 10 or 12 hrs a day six days a week.
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| christopher shole | invented the typewriter
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| william burroughs | inventing the adding machine
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| what are the two methods of making steel | the bessemer process and the open hearth process
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| henry bessemer | developed the bessemer process
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| steel capitol of the usa | pittsburgh PA
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| important steel production hubs | cleveland chicago detroit and birmingham
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| cigaars makers union | pressed for higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions and the right to collective bargaining
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| haymarket riot | strike for antilabor-bloody war
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| terrence v. powderly | leader of kights of labor
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| american federation of labor (afl) | group of natioinal trade unions, represented skilled workers in various crafts
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| samuel gompers | president of cigars makers union
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| collective bargaining | when unions represent workers in labor discussions with management
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| mary harris jones | spent 50 years fighting for workers rights
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| international ladies harment workers union (ilgwu) | pushed for a safer working enviornment
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| strikebreakers | people hired to replace a striking worker in order to break up a strike
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| eugene v. debs | refused to end he antilabor strike and went to jail
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iluvfenway
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