Eye Medical Terminology pg 386-395
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| aque/o | water
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| blephar/o | eyelid
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| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva (join together)
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| corne/o | cornea
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| kerat/o | cornea
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| cycl/o | ciliary body (circle)
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| ir/o | iris (colored circle)
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| irid/o | iris (colored circle)
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| lacrim/o | tear
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| dacry/o | tear
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| ocul/o | eye
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| ophthalm/p | eye
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| opt/o | eye
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| phac/o | lens (lentil)
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| phak/o | lens (lentil)
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| phot/o | light
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| presby/o | old age
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| retin/o | retina
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| scler/o | sclera (hard)
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| vitre/o | glassy
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| -opia | condition of vision
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| Anterior chamber | fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris
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| aqueous humor | watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers - provides nourishment for cornea, iris, lens
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| canal of schlemm | duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and blood stream
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| choroid | vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
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| ciliary body | ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the power of the lens
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| ciliary muscle | smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body which contracts to assit in near-vision capabilities
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| ciliary processes | epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
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| conjunctiva | joining together, mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
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| cornea | transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract(bend) light to focus a visual image
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| eyelid (palpebra) | movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
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| fovea centralis | pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit)
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| fundus (base) | interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
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| gland of Zeis | oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
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| meibomian glands | oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
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| iris | colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil
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| lacrimal glands | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
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| lacrimal ducts | tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
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| lacrimal sac | structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
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| lens | transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
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| lens capsule | capsule that encloses the lens
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| macula lutea(macula) | central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea=yellow)
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| nasolacrimal duct | passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
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| optic disk | exit site of retinal nerve fibers, as well as the entrance point for retinal arteries and the exit point for retinal veins
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| optic nerve | nerve responsible for carrying impulses or the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
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| posterior chamber | space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid
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| pupil | black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
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| retina | innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
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| cones | cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
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| rods | rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
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| sclera | tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
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| trabecular meshwork | mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor ass it flows into the canal of Schlemm
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| vitreous | jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
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| asthenopia | eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition)
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| blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
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| diplopia | double vision
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| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of one or both eye balls
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| exophthalamus | abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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| lacrimation | secretion of tears
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| nystagmus | involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding)
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| photophobia | extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light
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| scotoma | blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness)
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| refractive errors | defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye causing improper focus on the retina
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| astigmatism | distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma=point)
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| hyperopia | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina
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| myopia | nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects while light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina
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| presbyopia | impaired vision owing to old-age loss of accommodation
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| accommodation | ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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| amblyopia | decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus refractive errors (one eye more near/far/astig than the other) or trauma. usually in one eye - aka Lazy eye
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| aphakia | absence of the lens, usually after a cataract extraction
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| blepharitis | inflammaion of the eyelid
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| blepharochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open
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| dermatochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open
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| blepharoptosis | drooping eyelid usually caused by paralysis
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| ptosis | drooping of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis
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| chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of a meibombian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid
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| cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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| conjunctivitis | pinkeye;inflammation of the conjunctiva
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| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac (cyst/o= sac)
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| diabetic retinopathy | disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage,bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) , leading to scarring and loss of vision
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| ectropion | outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (trop/o = turning)
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| entropion | inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
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| glaucoma | group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
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| hordeolum | sty; as acute infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
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| irits | inflammation of the iris
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| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea
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| macular degeneration | breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in a partial or complete loss of central vision
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| pseudophakia | eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
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| pterygium | fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea
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| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
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| retinitis | inflammation of the retina
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| strabismus | crossed eyes; a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
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| heterotropia | eye deviates to or away from nose
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| esotropia | right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose
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| exotropia | right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose
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| scleritis | inflammation of the sclera
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| trichiasis | misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
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