Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
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| BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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| DIPTHERIA | DIPTHERIA
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| What organism is associated with diptheria? | Corynebacgterium diphteriae
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| GRAM and BOTH SHAPES: | Gram + rods; club shaped
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| What does diptheria have as SYMPTOMS? What do the symptoms CAUSE? | lymphatic swelling--->formation of a membrane
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| How does it spread? If you have a culture present, does that mean you've got an infectio? | Non-umminized people spread it. If you have culture, it could just be NORMAL FLORA.
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| What is an important virulance factor ? Endo or Exo? What does it cause by donig what? How does the virulance factor get formed? | Diptheria toxin; exotoxin-->heart and kidney damage by blocking protein synthesis; formed by bacteriophage
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| How do you diagnose it? | Throat swab and see what has the TOXIN
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| Treatment and prevention? | prevent with DTP vaccine and booster with Td vaccine
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| DISEASES OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT | DISEASE OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
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| I want to culture a "bacteria" that is supposedly in a patient, how do I do it? | SPUTUM from DEEP in lungs. I would look for < 10 epithilial cells and > 25 WBC
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| What bacteria causes whooping cough? | Bordetella pertussis
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| PRIMARY PNEUMONIA caused by what organism? | Streptococcus pneumonia
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| Gram stain, shape, and catalase it, MAIN characteristic | Gram + diplococci, catalase negative, and pyogenic coccus (pus forming)
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| What kind of sputum are you looking for? | Rust colored, with difficulty breathing and patient is VERY TOXIC
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| Prevention? | Pneumovax and prevenar
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| PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEMONIA OR WALKING PNEMONIA | PAP (Walking pnemonia)
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| What bacterium is it due to? | Mycoplasma pnemoniae
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| What are characterisitcs of the microbe | No cell wall, PM (with sterols)
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| What is TB similar to? Only difference? | Leprosy; note acid fast stain, intracellular, ONLY ADDED THING IS THAT IT MUST HAVE AIR AND CAN BE CULTURED
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| What unique thing does it form? What is its purpsoe? | Tubercle; pont is to deactivate TB
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| What is TB sepsis chances of survival and AKA? | Millitary TB-->DEATH
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| Who do we worry about and why? | Immunosuppressed can't make tubercle!
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| What is the point of the tubercle? | Deactivation
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| What are the 2 main methods of diagnosis? | Skin and CT test
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| SECONDARY PNEMONIA | SECONDARY PNEMONIA
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| What is it? Secondary to example? | Any pnemonia that is the result of another infection; ex) flu
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| VIRAL INFECTIONS | VIRAL INFECTIONS
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| VIRAL PNEMONIA | VIRAL PNMONIA
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| Respiratory syncytial Virus (RSV) commonly infects? | Infants
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| How is it different from the bacterial pnemonia? | Not interstitial == no pus
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| In whom is it life threatening? | elderly
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| Differentiate b/w antigenic drift and shift? | Drifts are minor, shifts are EPIDEMIC
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| FUNGAL | FUNGAL
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| HISTOPLASMOSIS is due to? | Histoplasma capstulatum
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| When it is infecting us, what is its form? When it is not infecting us? | Dimorphic; when it is NOT: mycelial
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| What does it infect and cause? | Infect macrophages-->lung lesions
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| How is it spread? Who is at high risk? | Bird and bat droppings...worry about AIDS
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| BLASTOMYCOSIS is due to? | Blastomyces dermatitidis
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| Can it spread to the rest of the body? What does it cause(sympoms, i mean)? | Yes, causes skin ulcers-->pnemonia sympoms
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| COCCIDIOMYCOSIS is due to? | Coccidiodes immitis
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| How do you acquire it? | Breath arthrospores when in pandemic area
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| Where does Aspergillosis grow? what does it cause? what is it? | Grain and peanuts-->aflatoxins, which are carcinogen
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| Who gets this disese? what does it cause? | Farmers and immnosuppressed-->lung infections
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| What is Pnemocystis pnemonia? due to? | Pneumonycysitis jirovecii
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| Who is it a big concern with? | AIDS patients
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