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MICRO4
Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | BACTERIAL INFECTIONS |
| DIPTHERIA | DIPTHERIA |
| What organism is associated with diptheria? | Corynebacgterium diphteriae |
| GRAM and BOTH SHAPES: | Gram + rods; club shaped |
| What does diptheria have as SYMPTOMS? What do the symptoms CAUSE? | lymphatic swelling--->formation of a membrane |
| How does it spread? If you have a culture present, does that mean you've got an infectio? | Non-umminized people spread it. If you have culture, it could just be NORMAL FLORA. |
| What is an important virulance factor ? Endo or Exo? What does it cause by donig what? How does the virulance factor get formed? | Diptheria toxin; exotoxin-->heart and kidney damage by blocking protein synthesis; formed by bacteriophage |
| How do you diagnose it? | Throat swab and see what has the TOXIN |
| Treatment and prevention? | prevent with DTP vaccine and booster with Td vaccine |
| DISEASES OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT | DISEASE OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT |
| I want to culture a "bacteria" that is supposedly in a patient, how do I do it? | SPUTUM from DEEP in lungs. I would look for < 10 epithilial cells and > 25 WBC |
| What bacteria causes whooping cough? | Bordetella pertussis |
| PRIMARY PNEUMONIA caused by what organism? | Streptococcus pneumonia |
| Gram stain, shape, and catalase it, MAIN characteristic | Gram + diplococci, catalase negative, and pyogenic coccus (pus forming) |
| What kind of sputum are you looking for? | Rust colored, with difficulty breathing and patient is VERY TOXIC |
| Prevention? | Pneumovax and prevenar |
| PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEMONIA OR WALKING PNEMONIA | PAP (Walking pnemonia) |
| What bacterium is it due to? | Mycoplasma pnemoniae |
| What are characterisitcs of the microbe | No cell wall, PM (with sterols) |
| What is TB similar to? Only difference? | Leprosy; note acid fast stain, intracellular, ONLY ADDED THING IS THAT IT MUST HAVE AIR AND CAN BE CULTURED |
| What unique thing does it form? What is its purpsoe? | Tubercle; pont is to deactivate TB |
| What is TB sepsis chances of survival and AKA? | Millitary TB-->DEATH |
| Who do we worry about and why? | Immunosuppressed can't make tubercle! |
| What is the point of the tubercle? | Deactivation |
| What are the 2 main methods of diagnosis? | Skin and CT test |
| SECONDARY PNEMONIA | SECONDARY PNEMONIA |
| What is it? Secondary to example? | Any pnemonia that is the result of another infection; ex) flu |
| VIRAL INFECTIONS | VIRAL INFECTIONS |
| VIRAL PNEMONIA | VIRAL PNMONIA |
| Respiratory syncytial Virus (RSV) commonly infects? | Infants |
| How is it different from the bacterial pnemonia? | Not interstitial == no pus |
| In whom is it life threatening? | elderly |
| Differentiate b/w antigenic drift and shift? | Drifts are minor, shifts are EPIDEMIC |
| FUNGAL | FUNGAL |
| HISTOPLASMOSIS is due to? | Histoplasma capstulatum |
| When it is infecting us, what is its form? When it is not infecting us? | Dimorphic; when it is NOT: mycelial |
| What does it infect and cause? | Infect macrophages-->lung lesions |
| How is it spread? Who is at high risk? | Bird and bat droppings...worry about AIDS |
| BLASTOMYCOSIS is due to? | Blastomyces dermatitidis |
| Can it spread to the rest of the body? What does it cause(sympoms, i mean)? | Yes, causes skin ulcers-->pnemonia sympoms |
| COCCIDIOMYCOSIS is due to? | Coccidiodes immitis |
| How do you acquire it? | Breath arthrospores when in pandemic area |
| Where does Aspergillosis grow? what does it cause? what is it? | Grain and peanuts-->aflatoxins, which are carcinogen |
| Who gets this disese? what does it cause? | Farmers and immnosuppressed-->lung infections |
| What is Pnemocystis pnemonia? due to? | Pneumonycysitis jirovecii |
| Who is it a big concern with? | AIDS patients |
Created by:
talkglitter2486