BACTERIAL Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Diseases
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| CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIO AND LYMPHATIC | CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIO AND LYMPHATIC
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| ENDOCARDITIS | ENDOCARDITIS
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| What are some predispositions for endocarditis? | ANY Different heart strucutres
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| What condition can endocarditis arise from? | Rheumatic fever
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| What does the bacteria need first to affect you? | Bacteremia to stick in valves or damaged area
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| What is this called? | biofilm formation
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| Give examples of procedures that would lead to ssuch an exposure? | surgeory, peircings
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| What are the two kinds of endocarditis? | Sub acute and acute
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| What are characterisitcis sub acute? | Slow development, mild fever daily for months before symptoms, and heart murmor
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| What is acute endocarditis? | Rapid onset high fever
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| What is the furthest progressed symptom/ | Splinter hemorrhages on fingernails
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| BACTERIAL CAUSES OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC DISEASE | BACTERIAL CAUSES OF CARDIO AND LYMPHATIC
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| What does streptococcus pyogenes cause? | Group A strep
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| ID it: Why is it Beta hymolytic? | Gram positive cocci in chains. It is beta hemolytic b/c of exotoxin
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| What virulence factors doe s it have? | Capsule, M protein, streptolysins O, streptokinases, hyaluronidase, DNAse, Leukocidins, Erythrogenic toxins
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| What does streptolysin 0 do? What do streptokinases do? What is spit out after DNAse works? What are erythrogenic toxins? | Streptolysin O, which lyses WBC; streptokinases break down clots; neutrophil; Scarlet fever
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| What are some diseases caused by streptococcus pyogenes? | puerperal sepsis, lemierre's syndrome, rheumatic fever,
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| What is puerperal sespsi also known as? What is it? How is it transmitted? How frequent is it? | Childhood fever; nasocomial infection of uterus after delivery; transmitted by hospital staff; RARE
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| Lemierre's syndrom is caused by? How does it work? How common | Caused by abscess near tonsils secondary to strep infection. The abscess migrates to jugular vein--> clot (thrombosis), then clot goes to lungs or heart, which is FATAL; Increasingly more common
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| What does it mean for it to be secondary? | Not directly due to strep
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| What bacteria causes lemierre's syndrome? Aerobe or anerobe? | Fusobacterium
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| When would one develop RHEUMATIC FEVER? | After strep throat
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| What is rheumatic fever?? | Our immune response gone wrong to strep throat
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| What is the ACTIVE infection associated with it? | NO ACTIVE infection
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| What are some symptoms of rhematic fever? What does it lead to? Why? | Arthritis, fever-->>causes heart damage b/c of M protein
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| HOw do you diagnose rheumatic fever: Catalase and hemolysis? | Beta-hemolytic on blood agar and CATALASE NEGATIVE
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| What group is it specific for? | A carb
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| How do you prevent it? | Treat strep throat, wash hands
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| ID Endotoxic shock | Gram-negative sepsis
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| **What is GRAM-NEGATIVE SEPSIS the leading causes of? | Septic shock
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| What are the symptoms of shock? | Increased heart rate, decrease temp and bp
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| What are treatments for GRAM NEGATIVE SPSIS? Why? | NOT Antibiotics!! If you kill bacteria, you release endotoxin in the form of LPS-->shock!!
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| STAPHLOCOCCUS AUEREUS | STAPH AUREUS
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| What duseases does it cause? What is its resistance? | Sepsis and endocarditis; MRSA
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| What kin dof pathogen is it? Where would you find it? | Opportunitistic nasocomial pathogen in tooth extractions
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| Hemolysis? Catalase? Coagulase? | Beta hemolytic, catalse positive, coagulase positive
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| What is ALL staph catalase? | POSITVE
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| LYME DISEASE | LYME DISEASE
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| What bacteria causes lyme disease? | borrelia burgdorferi
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| Shape? | Spriochete
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| NOTE FIGURE 23.14: What is the number one indicator of lyme disease? | NOTE FIGURE 23.14: RASH
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| What is the vector and reservoir for it? | Deer tick is the vector, but reservoir is filed mice
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| What is a treatment? Prevention? | antibiotics; prevent with control of tick population
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| TYPHUS FEVER | TYPHUS FEVER
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| What is the organism that causes this? | Rickettsia prowazekii
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| ID IT: Where does it infect? | Obligate intracellular; infects endothelial cells of vascular system
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| What is the vector? reservoir? | Anthropod vector; rat reservoir
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| What is the Tick-borne typhus organism? AKA? | Rickettsia rickettsii; rocky mountain spotted fever
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| Disease involves what? Causes what? | Rash everywhere but TRUNK of body; causes fever, headache
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| What two important things must be remembered about typhus fever? | Obligate intracelluar growth and is not culturable
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