Medical Terminology Vocabulary Chapter 4
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| adipose | fatty; relating to fat
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| alopecia | lack of hair in spots; baldness
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| apocrine glands | glands that appear during and after puberty and secrete sweat, as from the armpits
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| ceruminous glands | glands that secrete a waxy substance on the surface of the ear
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| collagen | major protein substance that is tough and flexible and that forms connective tissue in the body
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| corium | other name for dermis
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| cuticle | thin band of epidermis that surrounds the edge of nails, except at the top
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| dermis | layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves, and some glands
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| diaphoresis | excretion of fluid by the sweat glands; sweating
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| eccrine glands | sweat glands that occur all over the body, except where the apocrine glands occur
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| epidermis | outer portion of the skin containing several strata
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| exocrine glands | glands that secrete through ducts toward the outside of the body
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| hair follicle | tubelike sac in the dermis out of which the hair shaft develops
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| hair root | portion of the hair beneath the skin surface
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| hair shaft | portion of the hair visible above the skin surface
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| hypodermis | subcutaneous skin layer; layer below the dermis
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| integument | skin and all the elements that are contained within and arise from it
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| keratin | hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair
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| lunula | half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail plate
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| melanin | pigment produced by melanocytes that determines skin, hair, and eye color
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| melanocyte | cell in the epidermis that produces melanin
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| nail | thin layers of keartin that cover the distal portion of fingers and toes
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| papillary layer | thing sublayer of the dermis containing small papillae (nipple-like masses)
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| pore | opening or hole, particularly of the skin
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| reticular layer | bottom sublayer of the dermis containing reticula (network of structures with connective tissue between)
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| sebaceous glands | glands in the dermis that open to hair follicles and secrete sebum
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| sebum | oily substance, usually secreted into the hair follicle
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| squamous epithelium | flat, scaly layer of cells that makes up the epidermis
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| stratified squamous epithelium | layers of epithelial cells that make up the strata of epithelium of the epidermis
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| stratum | layers of tissue, especially a layer of the skin
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| stratum corneum | top sublayer of the epidermis
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| stratum germinativum | bottoms sublayer of the epidermis
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| striae | stretch marks made in the collagen fibers of the dermis layer
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| subcutaneous layer | bottom layer of the skin containing fatty tissue
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| sweat glands | coiled glands of the skin that secrete perspiration to regulate body temperature and excrete waste products
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| dermatology | medical specialty that deals with diseases of the skin
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| exudate | any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin
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| intradermal test | test that injects antigen or protein between layers of skin
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| Mantoux test | test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected intradermally with a syringe
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| patch test | test for allergic sensitivity in which a small dose of antigen is applied to the skin on a small piece of gauze
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| PPD | purified protein derivative of tuberculin
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| Schick test | test for diphtheria
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| scratch test | test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin
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| tine test, TB tine | screening test for tuberculosis in which a small does of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin)
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| abscess | localized collection of pus and other exudate, usually accompanied by swelling and redness
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| acne | inflammatory eruption of the skin, occurring in or near the sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulder, or upper back
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| acne vulgaris | see acne
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| actinic keratosis | overgrowth of horny skin that forms from over-exposure to sunlight; sunburn
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| albinism | rare, congenital condition causing either partial or total lack of pigmentation
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| alopecia areata | loss of hair in patches
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| basal cell carcinoma | slow-growing cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis usually a result of sun damage
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| birthmark | lesion (especially a hemangioma) visible at or soon after birth; nevus
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| blackhead | see comedo
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| bulla | bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin
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| burn | damage to the skin caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or other skin irritants
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| callus | mass of hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially the feet and hands
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| candidiasis | yeastlike fungus on the skin, caused by Candida; characterized by pruritis, white exudate, peeling, and easy bleeding; examples are thrush and diaper rash
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| carbuncle | infected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever
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| cellulitis | severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
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| cherry angioma | a dome-shaped vascular angioma lesion that usually occurs in the elderly
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| chloasma | group of fairly large, pigmented facial patches, often associated with pregnancy
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| cicatrix | growth of fibrous tissue inside a wound that forms a scar; also, general term for scar
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| cold sore | eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1
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| comedo | open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum; common in acne; blackhead
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| corn | growth of hard skin, usually on the toes
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| crust | hard layer, especially one formed by dried pus, as in a scab
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| cyst | abnormal sac containing fluid
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| decubitus ulcer | chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure; pressure sore
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| depigmentation | loss of color of the skin
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| discoid lupis erythematosus (DLE) | mild form of lupus
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| ecchymosis | purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface
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| eczema | severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause
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| erosion | wearing away of the surface
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| exanthematous viral disease | viral disease that causes a rash on the skin
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| excoriation | injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn, usually accompanies by some oozing
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| fever blister | eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus type 1
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| first-degree burn | least severe burn, causes injury to the surface of the skin without blistering
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| fissure | deep slit in the skin
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| furuncle | localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil
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| gangrene | death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area
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| genital herpes | See herpes simplex virus Type 2
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| herpes | an inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family Herpesviridae
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| herpes simplex virus Type 1 | Herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area of the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress
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| herpes simplex virus Type 2 | Herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact
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| herpes zoster | painful herpes that affect nerve roots; shingles
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| hives | see urticaria
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| impetigo | a type of pyoderma
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| Kaposi's sarcoma | skin cancer associated with AIDS
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| keloid | thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury or surgery
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| keratosis | lesion on the epidermis containing keratin
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| lesion | wound, damage, or injury to the skin
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| leukoderma | absence of pigment in the skin or in an area of the skin
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| leukoplakia | white patch of mucous membrane on the tongue or cheek
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| macule | small, flat, noticeably colored spot on the skin
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| malignant melanoma | virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun
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| neoplasm | abnormal tissue growth
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| nevus | birthmark
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| nodule | small knob of tissue
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| onychia, onychitis | inflammation of the nail
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| onychopathy | disease of the nail
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| papule | small, solid elevation on the skin
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| paronychia | inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the nail plate
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| patch | small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; plaque
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| pediculated polyp | polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk
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| pediculosis | lice infestation
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| pemphigus | autoimmune disease that causes skin blistering
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| petechia | a tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin
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| pilonidal | cyst containing hair, usually found at the lower end of the spinal column
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| plantar wart | wart on the sole of the foot
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| plaque | see patch
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| polyp | bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface
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| pressure sore | see decubitus ulcer
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| pruritus | itching
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| psoriasis | chronic skin condition accompanies by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus
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| purpura | skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area
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| pustule | small elevation on the skin containing pus
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| pyoderma | any inflammation of the skin that produces pus
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| ringworm | fungal infection; tinea
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| rosacea | vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks
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| roseola | skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus
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| rubella | disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles
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| rubeola | disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles
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| scabies | skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin
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| scale | small plate of hard skin that falls off
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| scleroderma | thickening of the skin cause by an increase in collagen formation
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| sebaceous | cyst containing yellow sebum
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| seborrhea | overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands
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| second-degree burn | moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering
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| sessile polyp | polyp that projects upward from a broad base
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| shingles | viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster
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| squamous cell carcinoma | cancer of the squamous epithelium
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| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | most severe form of lupus, involving internal organs
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| telangiectasia | a permanent dilation of the small blood vessels
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| third-degree burn | most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin
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| tinea | fungal infection; ringworm
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| tumor | any mass of tissue; swelling
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| ulcer | open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue
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| urticaria | group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy (hives)
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| varicella | contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chicken pox
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| vascular lesion | lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin
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| verruca | flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart
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| vesicle | small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid
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| vitiligo | condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin
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| wart | see verruca
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| wheal | itchy patch of raised skin
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| whitehead | closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads
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| allograft | skin graft using donor skin from one person to another; homograft
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| autograft | Skin graft using skin from one's own body
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| biopsy | excision of tissue for microscopic examination
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| cauterize | to apply heat to an area to cause coagulation and stop bleeding
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| cryosurgery | surgery that removes tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen
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| curettage | removal of tissue from an area, such as a wound, by scraping
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| debridement | removal of dead tissue from awound
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| dermabrasion | removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers
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| electrodesiccation | drying with electrical current
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| fulguration | destruction of tissue using electric sparks
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| heterograft | skin graft using donor skin from one species to another; xenograft
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| homograft | skin graft using donor skin from on person to another; allograft
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| Mohs' surgery | removal of thin layers of malignant tissue until nonmalignant tissue is found
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| plastic surgery | repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by means of surgery
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| skin graft | placement of fresh skin over a damaged area
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| xenograft | skin graft using donor skin from one species to another; heterograft
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| alpha-hydroxy acid | agent added to cosmetics to improve the skin's appearance
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| anesthetic | agent that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations
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| antibacterial | agent that kills or slows the growth of bacteria
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| antibiotic | agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms
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| antifungal | agent that kills or slows the growth of fungi
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| antihistamine | agent that controls allergic reactions by blocking the effectiveness of histamines in the body
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| anti-inflammatory | agent that relieves the symptoms of inflammation
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| antipruritic | agent that controls itching
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| antiseptic | agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms
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| astringent | agent that removes excess oils and impurities from the surface of the skin
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| chemotheraphy | treatment of cancer that uses chemicals to destroy malignant cells
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| corticosteroid | agent with anti-inflammatory properties
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| emollient | agent that smooths or softens skin
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| keratolytic | agent that aids in the removal of warts and corns
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| parasiticide | agent that kills or slows the growth of parasites
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| radiation therapy | treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells
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| topical anesthetic | anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin
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| ultraviolet light | artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions
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