Digestion
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| what is the path of food thru the alimentry canal | oral cavity, phrynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine large intestine
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| accessory organs | salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
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| functions of the digestive system | ingestion-eating mechanical proccess - chewing digestion-chemical processing secretion - liquid substances released during digestion absorption-materials move into blood stream excretion-removal of wastes
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| mesintary | double membrane with blood vessell
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| mucosa | inner lining of mucous membrane - has muscularis mucosa
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| submucosa | dense irregular connective tissue with large blood and lymph vessels
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| muscularis externa: | smooth muscle inner- circular outer - longitudinal
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| serosa | serous membrane in peritoneal cavity in stomach and intestines
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| peristalsis | waves of muscular contraction that move bolus thru digestive tract
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| neural mechannisms | contraolled by paraympathetic nervous system
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| hormanl mechanisms | several hormones involved in digestion
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| how many pairs of salivary glands | 3
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| tongue | has voluntary muscles and helps detect taste, temp and texture. has a frenulum to connect to the floor of mouth
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| amylase | initiates break down of carbs in mouth
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| lingual lipase | states breakdown of lipids
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| teeth | mastication, has bulk dentin, pulp cavity with blood vessels and verves, root covered by cementum and crown of enamel
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| types of teeth | incisors, cuspids or canins, bicuspids, molars
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| esophagus | hollow muscular tube that goes from oral cavity and connects to stomach
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| stomach is | the temp storage of food, and mechanical break down of acids, proteins and enzymes
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| gastric glands | have parietal cels to lower PH and secrete HCI
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| Chief cells | secrete pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin to digest protein
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| stomach layers | cardiac
fundis
body
pyloris
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| Small intestine regions | duodenum
jejunum
ileum
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| cholecystokinin (CCK) | sends signals to gall bladder to let out bile
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| pancrease produces | pancreatic enzymes, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases
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| 3 phases | cephalic, gastric, intestinal
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| functions of the large intestine | reabsorption of water and bile salts and compaction
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| cecum | first part of large intestine has appendix
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| serious membrane | reduce friction
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| 3 main liver functions | metablolic hematological production of bile
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| glycolysis | glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid in cytoplasm, produces 2 atp molecules
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| urea is formed in our liver |
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| deanimation happens in our liver |
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| gluconeogenesis | forming new glucose
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| positive nitrogen | nitrogen absorbed
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| collagen | is in our muscells, bones
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| pyrexia | fire, heat, fever
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| radiation | heat lost
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| vitamin k | for blood clotting
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| vitamin e | stabilizes intracellular membranes
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| vitamin a | for sight and night vision
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| vitamin b12 | helps with muscles
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| vitamin c | production of collagen
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| metabolic rate | sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions
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| calorie | amount of energy needed to raise one gram
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| vitamins | divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble groups
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