AP Psychology Chapter 17 (Therapy)
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| Psychotherapy | A planned, emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained, socially sanctioned healer and a sufferer.
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| Biomedical Therapy | A prescribed medication or medical procedure that acts directly on the patient's nervous system.
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| Eclectic Approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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| Psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
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| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
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| Interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
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| Transference | In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).
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| Client-Centered Therapy | A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques, such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth.
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| Active Listening | Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client centered therapy.
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| Behavior Therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
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| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.
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| Exposure therapies | Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things the fear and avoid.
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| Systematic Desensitization | A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
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| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
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| Aversive Conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
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| Token economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
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| Cognitive Therapy | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
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| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
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| Family Therapy | Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.
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| Regression Toward the Mean | The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.
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| meta-analysis | A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
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| Psychopharmacology | The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target d2 dopamine receptors.
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| Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
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| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
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| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
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| Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
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