EMB Flash Cards - Limitations Section
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| What is the required flight crew? | Pilot, Co-pilot (Captain, First Officer)
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| What are the types of Aircraft Operations that are approved? | Day and Night,VFR and IFR, Flight in icing conditions, RVSM
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| What is the maximum differential pressure for cabin pressure? | 8.1 psi
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| What is the negative differential pressure for cabin pressure? | -0.3 psi
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| What is the Auto Mode normal maximum differential pressure for cabin pressure? | 7.8 psi
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| What is the maximum altitude for operation after an in flight depressurization? | 10,000 ft.MSL unless MEA or other constraints require a higher altitude.
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| What is the maximum altitude when the aircraft is dispatched for unpressurized flight? | 10,000 ft.
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| What is Vmo/Mmo? | 320/.78
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| What is Vmo between 8,000 and 10,000? | Red line
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| What is Vb/Mb below 10,000? | 200
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| What is Vb/Mb above 10,000? | 250/.63
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| What is Va? | 200
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| What is Vloe | 250
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| What is Vle? | 250
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| What is Vlor? | 200
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| What is Vfe9? | 250
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| What is Vfe22? | 200
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| What is Vfe45? | 145 *Momentary airspeed excursions that are due to wind gusts or turbulence are allowed up to 155kts.
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| What is the maximum operating altitude? | 37,000 ft.
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| What is the minimum takeoff and landing pressure altitude? | -1000 ft.
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| What is the maximum takeoff and landing pressure altitude? | 8000 ft.
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| What is the minimum takeoff and landing temperature limit? | -40c SAT
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| What is the maximum takeoff and landing temperature limit at -1000 pressure altitude? | 52c SAT
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| What is the maximum takeoff and landing temperature limit at 8000 pressure altitude? | 34c SAT
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| What must you do if you land when the SAT is below -40c? | The aircraft may not takeoff without further maintenance inspection.
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| What is TAT limited to above 25,000 ft.? | -45c
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| What is the minimum/maximum temperature at 37,000 ft.? | -65 / -21.5 SAT
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| What is the minimum/maximum temperature at SL for TO and Lndg? | -40 / 50 SAT
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| What is the icing definition for ground and takeoff? | OAT 10c or below and visible moisture
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| What is the icing definition for operating on ramps, taxiways and runways? | OAT 10c or below where surface snow, ice standing water or slush may be ingested by the engines, or freeze on engines, nacelles or engine sensor probes
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| What is visible moisture? | clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow sleet and ice crystals
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| What is the definition of icing in flight? | Icing conditions exist whenever the TAT is 10c or below and visible moisture in any form if present
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| What is the minimum temperature for manual anti-icing operations? | -40c (SAT=ground, TAT=flight)
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| What is the maximum temperature for manual anti-icing operations? | 10c (SAT=ground, TAT=flight)
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| What is the temperature limit for automatic anti-icing operation? | None
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| May you takeoff when frost, snow or ice is adhering to the wings, control surfaces, stabilizers, pitot static ports or AOA vanes? | No, takeoff is prohibited
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| May you takeoff when frost on the fuel tank underwing surfaces provided that it does not exceed 1/8 inch thick? | Yes, takeoff is permitted
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| What defines a "contaminated runway?" | When more than 25% of the required field length, within the width being used is covered by:
-More than 1/8 inch (3mm):
-standing water
-slush
-wet snow
-More than 3/4 inches (19mm) of dry snow
-Compacted snow
-Ice
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| What is the minimum altitude during coupled ILS approach? | 200 ft.
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| What is the minimum autopilot engagement height after takeoff? | 500 ft.
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| May you descend below MDA on a non-precision approach with the autopilot engaged? | No
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| May you perform a single engine go-around with the autopilot engaged? | No
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| May you perform a two engine go-around with the autopilot engaged? | Yes
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| When may you engage the autopilot approach mode? | Only when the aircraft is inbound
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| What is the maximum authorized coupled go-around height loss with the autopilot engaged CAT 1? | 95 ft.
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| When may the yaw damper be turned on? | 500 ft. AFL after takeoff
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| When must the yaw damper be turned off? | Yaw damper must be off for landing
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| What is the maximum operational altitude for the APU? | 37,000 ft.
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| What is the maximum altitude for APU start? | 30,000 ft.
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| What is the maximum APU start EGT? | 884c
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| What is the APU continuous EGT temp.? | 680c / 717c for 5 minutes maximum
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| What is the maximum APU rotor speed? | 104%
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| What is the minimum APU start temp.? | -54c
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| What is the minimum battery temp for APU start? | -20c
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| What is the APU cooling period between 3 consecutive start attempts? | 1 min. OFF
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| What is the APU cooling period between 2 series of 3 consecutive start attempts? | 30 min. OFF
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| What limitation applies to the AHARS? | The aircraft must not be moved when the AHARS is in the initialization mode until all attitude and heading is presented on the PFD
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| What limitation applies to the EGPWS? | Terrain Awareness display not to be used for nav. It must be inhibited by selecting TERR/OVRD during: FMS in DR mode, TO or within 15nm of LNDG at an airport with less that 3500 ft of runway, or with no instrument approach proc. Or airport not in database
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| What is the maximum load on a main generator? | 400 A
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| What is the maximum load on an APU generator up to 30,000 ft.? | 400 A
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| What is the maximum load on an APU generator above 30,000 ft.? | 300 A
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| What is the maximum battery temperature? | 70c
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| When must the ATTCS system be armed? | The EMB 135 and 140 must have ATTCS armed for takeoffs when using T/O or ALT T/O1 modes. The 145 must have ATTCS armed for takeoffs when using ALT T/O1
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| How long must each engine run at idle or taxi thrust before shutdown? | 1 minute
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| What are the minimum engine oil quantities? | 8 qts before engine start and 7 qts after engine start
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| What type of engine is installed on the EMB 145-140-135? | AE3007A1-AE3007A1/3-AE3007A1/3
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| How long must an engine be run at idle or taxi thrust before takeoff? | 4 mins. cold engines / 2 mins warm engine
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| When is an engine considered cold? | If it has been shutdown for more than 90 minutes
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| What must the engine oil temp be prior to increasing N2 above 83%? | 40c
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| In lieu of the required minimum engine oil temp, what other options are acceptable prior to increasing N2 above 83%? | OPT 1: Run engine at idle/taxi thrust for 8 mins. OPT 2: Advance the thrust levers to 88% N2 with toe brakes appled and ensure that the oil pressure is 83 psi or less before releasing the brakes and advancing the thrust levers to the Thrust Set position.
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| On the EMB 145, 140 and 135 what is the max ITT limit for ALT TO/1, TO/1, T/O(A1/3), T/O RSV(A1/3)? | 948c (5 min. limit)
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| What is the Minimum oil pressure? | -- Below 88% N2 is 34 psi
-- At or above 88% N2 is 50 psi. However, operation between 34 and 50 psi psi is permitted during takeoff and go-around phases.
Engines may operate in the amber range above 115 psi up to 155 psi for 2 minutes.
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| On all aircraft, what is the Max Continuous ITT? | 901c
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| On all aircraft, what is the maximum engine start ITT? | 800c
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| What are the engine starter limits? | On Ground: Starting or dry motoring - 5 min ON, 5 min OFF 1st to 4th cycles - 1 min. ON, 1 min. OFF Following cycles - 1 min. ON, 5 min. OFF Note: No cool down time is required should an in-flight start be reattempted.
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| What is the maximum altitude for flap extension? | 20,000 ft.
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| What flap configuration is authorized for takeoff? | 9 degrees
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| What limitation applies to the gust lock? | Every single time the gust lock lever is set to the unlocked position the elevator movement must be checked.AFT-FORWARD-AFT
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| What is the maximum airspeed after takeoff/during climb without retrimming? | 160 KIAS
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| What is the maximum duration of ISIS when operating on batteries? | 40 mins. (45 mins. with Pitot 3 heat OFF)
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| What type of fuel is acceptable? | JET A, JET A-1 and, JP8
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| What limitation applies to anti-icing additives? | If fuel does not contain an icing inhibitor, the temperature of fuel leaving the FCOC must be above 4c
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| What limitation applies to crossfeed operation? | XFEED shall be OFF during takeoff and landing during normal operations
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| What is the maximum fuel imbalance? | 800 lb.
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| What is the total usable fuel quantity? | approximately 11,100 at fuel density of 6.7 lb./gal.
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| How much does usable fuel decrease in each tank if any of the associated electric fuel pumps are inoperative? | 365 lb.
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| What is the pressure required for refueling? | 35-50 psi
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| What is the minimum tank temperature? | -40c
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| What is the maximum tank temperature? | 52c
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| What is the holding configuration? | Landing gear UP, Flaps UP, Min. Airspeed 200 KIAS
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| What limitation applies to the direct vision windows? | The use of the DV windows for anything other than an emergency is prohibited
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| What limitation is associated with use of the radar? | Do not operate weather radar during refueling, near fuel spills or people.
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| When may you use the thrust reversers? | You may use idle reverse when landing on less than 7000 ft. or runways that are wet is when braking action is good
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| When must you use the thrust reversers? | You must use MAX reverse when braking action is "fair" or "poor" or the appropriate landing distance penalty must be applied
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| May you preform a circling approach to published minimums? | Circling approached are not authorized when the weather is less than 1,000 ft. ceiling and/or three miles visibility
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| What is the maximum demonstrated crosswind for takeoff and landing? | 30 kts.
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| What are the flight maneuvering load acceleration limits? | Flaps up: +2.5g to -1.0g, Flaps down:+2.0g to 0g
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| What is the maximum allowable runway slope for takeoff and landing? | -2% to +2 %
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| What is the maximum takeoff and landing tailwind component? | 10 kts.
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| Max Operating Speed @ SL | 250/.50
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| Max Wiper Operating Speed | 160
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| What part of the FARs is the EMB certified under? | Part 25/36
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| What must be confined to speeds below Va? | Full application of rudder and ailerons, and maneuvers involving angle of attack near stall.
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| May you DELIBERATELY exceed Vmo/Mmo in any regime of flight? | No
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| When is a pretakeoff tactile check required to be performed? | -Visual inspection does not indicate wing contamination.
-Holdover time is exceeded
-OAT is less than 5C and:
-there is visible moisture
-water is present on the wing
-temp/dew point spread less than 3C
-atmosphrc condns conducive to frost forma
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| Are pilots authorized to deviate from an ATC clearance to comply with and EGPWS warning? | Yes
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| Does the EGPWS database include man made objects? | No
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| What should the flight crew do if any engine parameters are exceeded or peak? | The exceedance or peak must be monitored and logged.
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| May the FMS PVOR outbound function be used? | No
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| What FMS line operations are authorized? | -SIDs
-STARs
-Enroute
-Approach Transitions
-Intermediate, final, and missed approach segments.
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| May an FMS missed approach be executed by using the CDU mode select button? | No
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| What is the total amount of UNusable fuel? | 78 lbs.
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| How much may the amount of usable fuel be decreased if pressure refueling is performed? | 179 lbs. per tank
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| What limitations apply to the cockpit security door? | Two crewmembers must be in the cockpit during all phases of flight.
If one pilot leaves the flight deck, he/she must be replaced by another crewmember
Positive ID must be obtained before opening the cockpit door.
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| What must be done (before takeoff) if the captain determines the runway is "contaminated?" | The Automated Performace Analysis procedures in AOM 1 must be used
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| What is the N2 limit (min-max)for all types of takeoff and max continuous thrust settings? | 57.0%-102.4%
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| When may you operate the engines if the oil pressure is in the amber range? | May operate in the amber range up to 115 PSI for 5 min. 115-155 PSI for 2 min. Total time in the amber range not to exceed 5 min.
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