Humoral Immune Responses
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| What are haptens? | small non-antigens that attach to large molecules and act as antigens, but can't stimulate anti-body response
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| What's bad about haptens? | Haptens can stick to our blood, so the antibodies might attack our cells
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| ANTIBODIES | ANTIBODIES
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| What is an eat me signal for antibdoies? | Opsination w/ complement or w/ binding
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| How many anitgens can an antibody see? | 2 anitgens
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| STRUCTURES OF DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES | STRUCTURES OF DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES
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| What is the abbreviation for immunoglobulins? | Ig
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| IgG: based on p. 507 | DESCRIBED
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| Strucutre: | Monomer, Y shaped
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| % of total serum antibody: | 80 %
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| Location: | Blood, lymph, intestine
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| Half life in serum: | 23 days
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| Complement fixation: | Yes
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| Placental transfer: | Yes
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| Function: | enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes tonxis and viruses, and protects fetus and newborn
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| Ig M | DESCRIBED
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| Strucutre: | Unique strucutre, pentamer?
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| % of total serum antibody: | 5-10 %
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| Location: | Blood, lymph, B-cell surface as monomer
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| Half life in serum: | 5 days
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| Complement fixation: | Yes
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| Placental transfer: | No
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| Function: | effective against microorganisms and agglutinating antigens, first antibodies made by b-cell
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| IgA: | DESCRIBED
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| Strucutre: | Dimer
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| % of total serum antibody: | 10--15%
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| Location: | Secretions (tears, saliva, mucus, intestine, milk), blood, lymph
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| Half life in serum: | 6 days
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| Complement fixation: | No, but some can
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| Placental transfer: | No
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| Function: | Localized protectioProtects mucous membrane
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| What is IgA deficient in? | Kids who didn't get breast milk
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| IgD | DESCRIBED
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| Strucutre: | Monomer
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| % of total serum antibody: | 0.2
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| Location: | B cell surface, blood, lymph
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| half-life in serum | 3 days
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| Complement fixation: | No
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| Placental transfer: | No
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| Function: | initation of immune response
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| IgE: | DESCRIBED
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| Structure: | Monomer
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| % of total serum antibody: | 0.002
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| Location | Bound to mast and basophil cells in body, blood
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| Half life in serum: | 2 days
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| Complement fixation: | No
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| Placental transfer: | No
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| Function: | Allergic reactions
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| FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES: | FUNCTIONS
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| Function of IgG: | Agglutination, complement fixation, and neutralization
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| What is agglutination? | binding to a lot and get them out in serum
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| When do we use neutralization? | When we wanna kill toxin
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| Function of IgM: | Agglutinization, complement fixation
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| Function of IgA: | Secretory antibody in mucous
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| Function of IgE: | Allergic response
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| Function of IgD: | Surface of b-cells
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| FUNCTIONS IN HOST DEFENSE | HOST DEFENSE
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| IgG: | Protects the tissue spaces
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| IgM: | Protects circulatory system
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| IgA: | Protects mucosal surfaces
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| IgE: | Induces allergic responses and protects from parasites like worms
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| IgD: | B-cell antigen detection
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| DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE: | DEVELOPMENT
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| What are antigen receptors for the B lymphocyte? | IgD and M; they have to have them on surface
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| What is the process of selection of cells for antibody production? | 1) stem cells make mature b-cells each with a specific sufrace Ig, 2. B cell complexes with antigen, 3. some memory cells form, 4. some b-cells make antibody producing plasma cells, 5. which secrete antibodies into blood circulation
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| IgM VERSUS IgG | READY...FIGHT!
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| Which appears first? | IgM
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| So what does IgG do? | Comes later, but sticks around longer
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| IMMUNE RESPONSE TO DISEASE | IMMUNE RESPONSE TO DISEASE
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| What is it due to? and what does it require? It timing vs the first response? | Requires IgG and is due to memory cells, and is quicker than when the first response happened
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| What is opsinization? | Coating something--eat me signal
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| What is neutralization? | Inactivation of virus or toxin
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| What does complement fixation infovle? What does it cause? | IgG and IgM; causes cell lysises
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| When does inflamation occur? | Secondary to complmeent activation
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| SUPERANTIGENS | SUPERANTIGENS
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| What is a superantigen? | A toxin that stimulates ALL B-cells, not just those with antibodies specific for that antigen
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| Why can't we use specific antibodies?? | They are taken over by a sea of non-specific antibodies
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| What is more common, T cell superantigens or B-cell superantigens? Why? | T-cell; there's a limited space for B-cells and antibodies to be made
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| What are monoclonal antibodies? | When you isolate B-cells that make A SINGLE ANTIBODY.
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Created by:
talkglitter2486