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MICRO3
Humoral Immune Responses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are haptens? | small non-antigens that attach to large molecules and act as antigens, but can't stimulate anti-body response |
| What's bad about haptens? | Haptens can stick to our blood, so the antibodies might attack our cells |
| ANTIBODIES | ANTIBODIES |
| What is an eat me signal for antibdoies? | Opsination w/ complement or w/ binding |
| How many anitgens can an antibody see? | 2 anitgens |
| STRUCTURES OF DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES | STRUCTURES OF DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES |
| What is the abbreviation for immunoglobulins? | Ig |
| IgG: based on p. 507 | DESCRIBED |
| Strucutre: | Monomer, Y shaped |
| % of total serum antibody: | 80 % |
| Location: | Blood, lymph, intestine |
| Half life in serum: | 23 days |
| Complement fixation: | Yes |
| Placental transfer: | Yes |
| Function: | enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes tonxis and viruses, and protects fetus and newborn |
| Ig M | DESCRIBED |
| Strucutre: | Unique strucutre, pentamer? |
| % of total serum antibody: | 5-10 % |
| Location: | Blood, lymph, B-cell surface as monomer |
| Half life in serum: | 5 days |
| Complement fixation: | Yes |
| Placental transfer: | No |
| Function: | effective against microorganisms and agglutinating antigens, first antibodies made by b-cell |
| IgA: | DESCRIBED |
| Strucutre: | Dimer |
| % of total serum antibody: | 10--15% |
| Location: | Secretions (tears, saliva, mucus, intestine, milk), blood, lymph |
| Half life in serum: | 6 days |
| Complement fixation: | No, but some can |
| Placental transfer: | No |
| Function: | Localized protectioProtects mucous membrane |
| What is IgA deficient in? | Kids who didn't get breast milk |
| IgD | DESCRIBED |
| Strucutre: | Monomer |
| % of total serum antibody: | 0.2 |
| Location: | B cell surface, blood, lymph |
| half-life in serum | 3 days |
| Complement fixation: | No |
| Placental transfer: | No |
| Function: | initation of immune response |
| IgE: | DESCRIBED |
| Structure: | Monomer |
| % of total serum antibody: | 0.002 |
| Location | Bound to mast and basophil cells in body, blood |
| Half life in serum: | 2 days |
| Complement fixation: | No |
| Placental transfer: | No |
| Function: | Allergic reactions |
| FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES: | FUNCTIONS |
| Function of IgG: | Agglutination, complement fixation, and neutralization |
| What is agglutination? | binding to a lot and get them out in serum |
| When do we use neutralization? | When we wanna kill toxin |
| Function of IgM: | Agglutinization, complement fixation |
| Function of IgA: | Secretory antibody in mucous |
| Function of IgE: | Allergic response |
| Function of IgD: | Surface of b-cells |
| FUNCTIONS IN HOST DEFENSE | HOST DEFENSE |
| IgG: | Protects the tissue spaces |
| IgM: | Protects circulatory system |
| IgA: | Protects mucosal surfaces |
| IgE: | Induces allergic responses and protects from parasites like worms |
| IgD: | B-cell antigen detection |
| DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE: | DEVELOPMENT |
| What are antigen receptors for the B lymphocyte? | IgD and M; they have to have them on surface |
| What is the process of selection of cells for antibody production? | 1) stem cells make mature b-cells each with a specific sufrace Ig, 2. B cell complexes with antigen, 3. some memory cells form, 4. some b-cells make antibody producing plasma cells, 5. which secrete antibodies into blood circulation |
| IgM VERSUS IgG | READY...FIGHT! |
| Which appears first? | IgM |
| So what does IgG do? | Comes later, but sticks around longer |
| IMMUNE RESPONSE TO DISEASE | IMMUNE RESPONSE TO DISEASE |
| What is it due to? and what does it require? It timing vs the first response? | Requires IgG and is due to memory cells, and is quicker than when the first response happened |
| What is opsinization? | Coating something--eat me signal |
| What is neutralization? | Inactivation of virus or toxin |
| What does complement fixation infovle? What does it cause? | IgG and IgM; causes cell lysises |
| When does inflamation occur? | Secondary to complmeent activation |
| SUPERANTIGENS | SUPERANTIGENS |
| What is a superantigen? | A toxin that stimulates ALL B-cells, not just those with antibodies specific for that antigen |
| Why can't we use specific antibodies?? | They are taken over by a sea of non-specific antibodies |
| What is more common, T cell superantigens or B-cell superantigens? Why? | T-cell; there's a limited space for B-cells and antibodies to be made |
| What are monoclonal antibodies? | When you isolate B-cells that make A SINGLE ANTIBODY. |
Created by:
talkglitter2486