Phylum Nematoda
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| What are the characteristics of organisms found in the Phylum Nematoda? | Roundworms; Unsegmented worms; Smooth bodies; Very small
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| How do people get infected with Ascaris lumbricoides? | Contact with feces infected with ova
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| The worm causes varied symptoms, depending on the life cycle of the worm. What are some of the symptoms associated with Ascaris lumbricoides? | Transient hepatitis, abdominal pain, intestinal blockage, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, pneumonitis, coughing spasms, allergic symptoms, and asthmatic breathing
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| What corresponding genus of roundworm is associated with infection in dogs and cats? | Toxocara
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| Can people get infected with the dog and cat roundworm? | yes
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| What is the common name of Necator americanus? | hookworm
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| How do we usually get infected with Necator americanus? | Larvae penetrate intact skin of a bare foot when contact is made with infected soil; Larvae enter circulation, heart and lungs; Coughed up and swallowed for final residence
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| What symptoms are associated with Necator infection? | Blood loss, severe anemia, lethargy, mental/physical retardation
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| How can we prevent infection with Necator americanus? | Proper sanitation and education about the importance of wearing shoes to prevent infection
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| How does Necator americanus attach and cause damage to the intestinal mucosa? | scolex with hooks
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| What is the scientific name of the “pinworm”? | Enterobius vermicularis
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| Is the pinworm dangerous? | Yes; Common in temperate regions with high level of sanitation; Eggs can survive for some weeks outside of body
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| What symptoms might be noticed in people who are infected with the pinworm? What is the cause of these symptoms? | Pruritus ani symptoms; Insomnia and restlessness
the worms migrate from the anus during resting hours
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| How do we diagnose infection by the pinworm? | Recovery of eggs from the perianal region; Graham’s Scotch Tape Method
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| What is the genus name of the organism we call the “whipworm”? | Trichuris trichiura
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| Why is it called a whipworm? | It is long and thin with a thickened posterior end that is rounded, resembling the hand of a whip
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| How do man and animals get infected with the whipworm? | Ingesting infected feces
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| What is the genus name of the dog and cat heartworm? | Dirofilaria
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| Can man become infected with heartworms from interaction with their dog or cat? | Rarely, but when they do, infection usually develops in the lungs and sometimes in the eye
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| How do people get infected with Trichenella spiralis? | Consuming uncooked/undercooked, infected pork and/or bear
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| What is the most common source of infection of Trichenella spiralis in the United States? | Ingestion of ground beef as hamburger or steak tartare when it is diluted with its cheaper competitor, pork
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| What are some of the symptoms associated with Trichenella infection? | Myocarditis, encephalitis, pneumonitis
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| How can you prevent infection with Trichenella spiralis? | Thoroughly cook pork and bear meat, prolonged freezing of meat
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| What is the genus and species name of the “guinea worm”? | Dracunculus medinensis
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| How do people get infected with Dracunculus medinensis? | By drinking water containing fleas that are infected with the larvae of the parasite
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| How big is Dracunculus medinensis? | About 36 inches long
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| How long does it take Dracunculus medinensis to leave the body? | Many weeks to three months
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| Through efforts of Jimmy Carter and others, the guinea worm has nearly been eradicated from the earth. How have they been able to prevent infection with this worm? | Education about the life cycle of the parasite, sterile medical supplies, and filters that can used to filter drinking water
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