Introduction to Logic
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| What is a Premise? | A claim that is used as a reason for thinking that another claim (The conclusion)is true.
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| What is a conclusion? | A claim that has been given reasons (The premises) for thinking that it is true.
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| What is "Valid"? | A valid argument is a pattern of reasoning in which the conclusion is a rationally inevitable consequence of the premise of premises.
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| What is a claim? | A statement that is either true or false.
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| What is a "Question"? | It is a request for Information
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| What is a "command"? | It is an order that something be done.
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| What is a "simple claim?" | A claim that does not contain any logical connectives.
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| What is a "complex claim"? | A claim that contains at least one logical connective.
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| What is "The rule of order" | The order of the premises doesn't matter as long as 1) Each line is numbered in order beginning with "1" and (2) the conclusion comes last.
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| What is a "sound argument"? | An argument which is valid and whose premises are all true.
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| What is an "unsound argument"? | An argument which is either invalid, or has a false premise.
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| What is a sub-conclusion? | A conclusion that is also used as a premise for a further conclusion, it is not a final conclusion.
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| What is a "Main conclusion?" | A conclusion that is not also used as a premise for a further conclusion, it is a final conclusion
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| What is a "sub-argument"? | An argument for a sub-conclusion.
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| What is a "main argument" | An argument for the main conclusion.
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| What is an enthymeme? | An argument with at least one hidden premise.
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| What is the principle of absolute pickiness? | Attribute to an author the argument that most exactly fits what the author wrote
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| Principle of charity? | Attribute to an author the best argument that is compatible with the words the author actually used.
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| What is a contradiction? | A complex claim that is false simply because of its logical form regardless of the truth values of its component claims.
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| What is a "tautology?" | A complex claim that is true simply because of its logical form regardless of the truth values of its component claims.
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| What is "Logically equivalent"? | When two claims have their truth values are the same in all cases.
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| What is "Logically consistent"? | When two claims can both be "true" simultaneously.
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