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| Intracellular fluid | Fluid on the inside of the cell
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| Cytosol | fluid on inside of cell
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| Cytoplasm | contains all organells of the cell
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| Metabolism | the sum of all reactions in a cell
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| Anabolism | building up of a substance in a cell
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| Catabolism | breaking down of a substance in a cell
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| reduction | anabolic reaction - building up
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| Oxydation | catabolic reaction - breaking down
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| Endocrine system | system that secrets hormones
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| Paracrine | hormone that locally stimulates
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| Autocrine | Hormone that stimulates itself
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| Integumentary System | Skin, nails, hair...
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| Homeostasis | regulated by the endocrine system - the body always maintaining an equilibrium
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| ATP | Energy source for muscles
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| ATP+P+E | Produces work and heat
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| where is glucose metabolized? | Mitochondria
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| Pyruvic Acid | What glucose breaks down in to
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| Lactic Acid | What glucose turns into w/out oxygen
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| Krebs cycle | where glucose goes in the presence of oxygen
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| Electron Transport Chain | After Krebs cycle to produce ATP
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| Amino Acids | Building Blocks of Proteins
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| Peptide Bond | Type of covalent bond found between Amino Acids
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| Monosacharides | building blocks of Carbohydrates
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| Glycogen | stored form of glucose
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| Where is glycogen stored? | In the liver
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| Fatty Acids | Building blocks of lipids
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| What makes an organic substance | The presence of carbon
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| Triglycerides | Lipids
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| Gluconeogenesis | New glucose formed from a non-carb source - In Liver
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| 2nd messenger | Water soluble hormone that activates a substance inside of the cell
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| G-protein | activates Adenylate Cyclase - ATP made - cAMP activated - activates an enzyme inside cell that changes the phys of that cell
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| What substances are able to pass thru the cell membrane? | Lipid soluble
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| lipid soluble hormones target... | DNA
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| Transcription | DNA transcribes data onto mRNA - 1st
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| Translation | mRNA passes thru nucleus membrane and translates data to collect the proper building blocks
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| Mitosis | somatic cell division - parent into 2 identical daughter cells
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| Meiosis | reproductive cell division
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| Myoglobin | binds o2 to skeletal muscle and gives it a red color
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| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | stores calcium in the skeletal muscle
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| Actin | thin fibers involved in muscle contraction
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| What releases the action potential | the release of ACH diffusing into the sarcolemma
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| Neurotransmitter | Chemical between synapse and sarcolemma
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| sarcolemma | Cell membrane of skeletal muscle
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| Sarcomere | unit divided by z lines that contains Actin & Myosin
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| z lines | separate sarcomeres - give skeletal muscle striated look
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| Passive Transport | simple diffusion - down the transportation gradient - no energy used
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| Active transport | Sodium/potasium pump - up the concentration gradient - uses energy
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| hydrophobic | lipid soluble
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| hydroliphic | water soluble
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| lipophobic | water soluble
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| lipophilic | lipid soluble
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| lysosome | breaks down waste - contains digestive enzymes
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| Cell Membrane | Phospholipid bylayer
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| Nucleus contains | DNA & RNA - all genetic material for the cell
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | has ribosomes - produces protein
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | manufactures steroids/lipids
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| golgi apparatus | packages/sorts proteins/lipids - UPS
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| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell - produces ATP
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| na | sodium
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| k | potassium
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| o | oxygen
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| n | nitrogen
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| c | carbon
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| glycogen lasts in liver... | 4 hours
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| Pancreas produces | insulin & glucagon
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| where is glycogen stored | in the liver and skeletal muscle
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| glycogen that can't be stored becomes... | adapose/fat
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| atoms in nucleus | protons & neutrons
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| atoms outside nucleus | electrons
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| lipogenesis | creation of lipids-insulin
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| glucogenesis | conversion of glucose to glycogen
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| what type of muscle found in walls of blood vessels | smooth
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| what organ detoxifies amonia | liver
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| cAMP | most common second messenger
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| Krebs cycle happens in | mitochondria
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| Krebs cycle | breakdown of glucose which builds up coenzymes
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| Electron transport chain | energy from coenzymes make atp in this process
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| glycogenesis | glucose to glycogen (reduction reaction)
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| Glycolosis | breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvic acids
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| glycogenolysis | glycogen to glucose
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| deamination | breaking off an amino acid
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| monosacharide | building blocks of carbs
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| amino acids | building blocks of proteins
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| Amonia | waste byproduct of protein broken into urea & shipped to the kidneys
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| glucagon | raises blood sugar/convers glycogen to glucose
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| Pancreas produces... | glucagon & insulin
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| Adrenaline produced in... | medulla of adrenals
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| Corticoids produced in... | cortex of adrenals
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| Osmosis | movement of water - passive
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| symport/antiport | 2ndary active transport - piggyback
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| synaptic vessicles contain... | neurotransmitters
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| Smooth muscle appearance | long spindles with single nucleus
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| Striated muscle has ... | single nucleus
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| Intercollated discs are found in... | cardiac muscle
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| Striated multinucleus | skeletal muscle
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| z lines | separate sarcomeres
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| ACHE (acetocholine esterase) | breaks down ach and stops the action potential
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| neuromuscular junction | motor neuron & sarcolemma
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| ribosomes | make proteins
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| phagocytosis | cell eating - active process mainly done by white blood cells
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| smooth Endoplasmic reticulum | makes lipids, steroids
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