Proteins as micronutrients -AA catabolism
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| AA | -1/2 syn -1/2 diet -40-50g daily requirement
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| protein degradation | -all involve proteinases
-in cyt.
-catalysed by calpains or proteasomes
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| cathepsins | -lysosomal proteinases
-recycle aa from protiens
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| digestion of AA | -pepsin digestion
-acid denaturation & hydrolysis
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| pepsin | -secreted as pepsinogen(inactive zymogen)
-stomach acids modify (active)
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| enterokinase attaches... | -to membrane of enterocyte which activate trypsinogen
-causes cascade of proteinases
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| Active chymotrypsin | -N-term + charge
-forms ionic link W aspartic acid
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| action of peptidases | -hydrolyse peptide bonds
-in brush borders
-active/facilitated diffusion
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| Digestibility of proteins | -high efficiency
-proteinase inhibitors prevents digestion
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| Turnover of proteins | -7/8 essential aa recycled
-300g aa endogenous
-100g from diet
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| Nitrogen balance (-ve) | -starvation
-short term
-decr intake
-red. GI fn
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| Nitrogen balance (+) | -children & pregnant
-utilise to support protein syn. & growth
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| equilibrium | -healthy adults
-min=30-50g
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| essential AA | -must be oresent in diet
-his,leu,met,thr,val,ile,lys,phe,trp
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| his&arg | -semi-essential
-adults make enough but rate is too low
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| requirement for met... | -can be made by cysteine + CH3 + v.v
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| Tyr can be made from | -phe
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| limiting AAs | -all aa must be present for syn.
-continually supplied from diet
-aa catabolised if not used
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| complementary proteins | -2 low quality -combine to give overall aa balance
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Created by:
meglet
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