Immunology I
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Define immunology: | Study of the physiological function by which the body destroys or neutralizes foreign matter
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three immune functions? | Protect against infection by microbes, isolate/remove non-microbeal bad stuff, and destroy cancer cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are microbes? | Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
🗑
|
||||
| What are the lines of defense of the body? | Skin, mucasa, and substances they secrete, non-specific immune system, and specific immune system
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most important component of the ummune system defense? | Skin
🗑
|
||||
| What comprises the non-specific immune system? | Natural killer cells, neutrophils
🗑
|
||||
| DOMINANT INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS IN THE US | DOMINANT INFECTOUS ORGANISMS IN THE US
🗑
|
||||
| What are the dominant infectous orgs in th u.s.? | Bacteria and viruses
🗑
|
||||
| BACTERIA | BACTERIA
🗑
|
||||
| What are bacteria? | Unicellular orgs with a cell wall, PM, but no membrane bound organelles
🗑
|
||||
| Where does replication take place for them? | At the site of entry or can travel to other areas first
🗑
|
||||
| How can they cause damage to us? | At the site of replication or can release toxins that are carried by blood to cause problems
🗑
|
||||
| VIRUSES | VIRUSES
🗑
|
||||
| What are viruses? | Nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat
🗑
|
||||
| What do they lack? Why can't they reproduce unless they're in something? | They lack energy production and ribosomes needed to make proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What do they do when they get into a cell? | They use the cell's machinary to make protiens needed for viral replication
🗑
|
||||
| Where does HIV replicate? | In humans and monkeys, but only kills humans
🗑
|
||||
| Ebola virus? | Lives in organism it doesn't kill, but kills humans/apes;
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of ape does it kill especially? | Gorrillaz
🗑
|
||||
| What does feline leukemia virus kill? | kills cats, but we don't catch it
🗑
|
||||
| Which is more of a problem in the u.s. fungi or parasites? | Fungi, especiallly in hospitals, but parasites are becoming a problem here too
🗑
|
||||
| IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS | IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS
🗑
|
||||
| Whare are the charcteristics of neutrophils? | Most nemerous, phagocytic, are first responders and are non-specific
🗑
|
||||
| What are mast cells? | Release histamines in tissue/blood and are non-specific
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of lymphocytes? When do they respond? | Travel continuously throughout body, specific, late responders, and produce plasma and memory cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are macrophage? Their specificity? | Reside in tissue, are phagocytic and present antigen, and they're specific and non-specific
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of the natural killer cells? When do they respond? | Travel continously throughout body, are cytolytic, are first reponders, and are non-specific
🗑
|
||||
| Where do antigen presenting cells reside? | tissue or blood
🗑
|
||||
| What kinds of cells are they? | microglia, follicular cells of lymph nodes
🗑
|
||||
| What is their specificity and what do they do? | They are specific and they present antigens--DUH. see name
🗑
|
||||
| BODY SURFACE DEFENSE | BODY SURFACE DEFENSE
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three body system defenses? | Epithilum, secretions, and reflexes
🗑
|
||||
| What is the epithilium? Its specificity, where would you find it? | Skin, non-specific, and found in respiratory and GI tract
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two types of secretions? | Skin gland secretions of antimicrobials and mucous gland secretions of antimicrobials and mechanical stuff
🗑
|
||||
| What are reflexes associated with defense? | Sneeze/cough
🗑
|
||||
| NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE | NON-SPECIFIC
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of a non-specific response? What does it yeild? | Inflmmation yeilds redness and swelling
🗑
|
||||
| What are some responses to inflammmation? | Vasodialtion, increased vascular permeability to protein, phagocytosis by chemotaxis, and tissue repair
🗑
|
||||
| What are chemical mediators of inflammation? | Histamine, cytokines, and complement
🗑
|
||||
| What are cellular mediators? | Neutrophils, mast cells and macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| PHAGOCYTOSIS | PHAGOCYTOSIS
🗑
|
||||
| What are the primary celluar mediators of phagocytsosi? What is their specificity? | Neutrophils and macrophages--they're non-specific
🗑
|
||||
| What is the order of their arrival? | Neutrophils, then macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| What are additional mediators of phagocytsosi? | Opsonins and phagocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is their purpose? | They help glue--attract and keep molecule we don't want
🗑
|
||||
| COMPLEMENT | COMPLEMENT
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the complement? | MAC and stimulates inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| What is MAC? | Lyses cells
🗑
|
||||
| Where does it poke holes? | In cell membrane to kill cell
🗑
|
||||
| INTERFERONS | INTERFERONS
🗑
|
||||
| What are interfereons? | Can kill viruses
🗑
|
||||
| Its impact on cancer? | Doesn't do much
🗑
|
||||
| What do interferons do/ | Makes proteins that inhibit viral replication
🗑
|
||||
| What does it need to do this? | Needs macrophages and natural killer cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is this drug used against? | HIV--but makes you feel horrible
🗑
|
||||
| SPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM | SPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of the specific immune sysetem? | Is antigen specific, sytemic, and has memory
🗑
|
||||
| What is an antigen? | Any molecule that causes immune response
🗑
|
||||
| What is this response due to? | Recogniztion of a specific antigen
🗑
|
||||
| What are the primary cellular mediators of a specific immune system response? | Lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| What are ummunoglobulues? | B-Cells
🗑
|
||||
| How do lymphocytes recognize antigens? | Via immunoglobulins and antibody like receptors
🗑
|
||||
| What are the anti-body like receoptors? | T-cells
🗑
|
||||
| HOw many antigens can a b and t cell recognize? | only one
🗑
|
||||
| What are the stages of immune response? First step only: | Lymphocyte goes to specific antigen and binds to it via plasma membrane receptors specific for the antigen
🗑
|
||||
| Step two? | Lymphocyte is activated to udnergo mitosis and further differentiation
🗑
|
||||
| Step three? | Activated cells attack against antigens of that kind all over the body
🗑
|
||||
| PHMPHOID ORGANS | LYMPHOID ORGANS
🗑
|
||||
| What happens at these organs? | cell killing
🗑
|
||||
| What are the primary lymphoid organs? | Bone marrow and thymus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the secondary lymphoid organs? | Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| What are those sites? | Where lymphocyte mitosis and specific immune responses occur
🗑
|
||||
| B-CELLS | B-CELLS
🗑
|
||||
| Where do b-cells mature? | In bone marrow and travel to peripheral lymphoid organs
🗑
|
||||
| What are some PLO? | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Where do we make lots of b-cells? | Not in marrow, they divide elsewhere
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of proteins are they/ | MHC class II
🗑
|
||||
| What are MHC class II proteins? | We all have unique set of them, so these proteins let us recognize foreign stuff and kill it
🗑
|
||||
| How many antigens can they recognize on their surface? | only one
🗑
|
||||
| What are the steps of activation of a b-cell? | 1. B cell binds 2. t-cells activated by binding to antigen presenting cells 3. B cell responds to molecules secreted by helper T cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are cytokines released from? | T-cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is the purpose of cytokines? | Secrete stuff to allow division of b-cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects of activation of the B-cell? | B-cell undergoes mitosis, antibodies secreted by plasma cells, and antibodies bind invader and fix complement
🗑
|
||||
| What does the mitosis lead to? | Plasma cells secrete antibodies and memory cells remember
🗑
|
||||
| How amny antibodies does each b-cell make? | oNLY ONE
🗑
|
||||
| What do antibodies do after they fix complement? | They kill invader by MAC, acting as opsoins for killing phagocytes
🗑
|
||||
| B-CELL RECEPTORS | B-CELL RECEPTORS
🗑
|
||||
| What are the b-cell receptors? | PM receptors that bind to a SINGLE specific antigen
🗑
|
||||
| What is the antibody that the b-cell secretes look like? | It is identitical to the receptor
🗑
|
||||
| When the b-cells divide, we'll end up with a lot of b-cells that secrete anti-bodies--what is the diversity of the antibodies? | Each b-cell has a unique antibody and it has a unique antigen binding site
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
talkglitter2486