Digestive System
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| gastrointestinal system | the digestive system
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| or/o | oral cavity (mouth)
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| stomat/o | oral cavity (mouth)
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| Digestion | Begins in the mouth; the breaking down of food into small parts
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| oral | pertaining to the oral cavity (mouth)
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| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity caused by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSVI) AKA cold sores or fever blisters
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| mastication | chewing
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| mechanical digestion | involves mastication
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| buccal | pertaing to a cheek
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| gloss/o | tounge
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| lingu/o | tounge
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| glossectomy | surgiccal removal of the tounge
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| sublingual | pertaining to under the tounge
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| hypoglossal | pertaining to under the tounge
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| glossorrhapy | suturing of the tounge
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| glossopathy | diseased condition of the tounge
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| Chemical digestion | Includes the secretion of saliva and HC1
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| HC1 | hydrochloric acid found in the stomach
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| gingiv/o | gingiva(e) the gums
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| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingivae (gums)
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| gingivectomy | surgical removal of a gingiva
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| plat/o | hard and soft palate (located at the roof of the oral cavity)
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| palatitis | inflammation of a palate
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| palatoplasty | surgical repair of a palate
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| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat)
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| pharngitits | inflammation of the pharynx
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| esophagus | the tube connecting the pharynx and the stomach
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| esophagotomy | surgical incision of the esophagus
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| esophageal atresia | congenital closure of the esophagus
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| congenital | "born with"
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| gastr/o | stomach (located in the LUQ of the abdomen)
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| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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| gastromy | surgical incision of the stomach
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| gastrostomy | new or artificial opening in the stomach
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| gastrectomy | excision of the stomach
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| stomatogastric | pertaining to the oral cavity and stomach
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| gastroscopy | the process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument
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| gastrodynia | a condition of stomach pain
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| Reflux | regurgitation (moving in the wrong direction)
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| duodenum | the 1st section of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| EGD | EsophagoGastroduoDenoscopy
viewing the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted instrument
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| jejunum | 2nd section of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| jejunojejuno anastomosis | a joining of one section of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum
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| gastrojejunostomy | a new/artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum
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| ile/o | ileum
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| ileum | 3rd section of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| ileostomy | new/artifical opening into the ileum
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| enter/o | small intestine or small bowel
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| enterorraphy | suturing of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine (small bowel)
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| gastroenterologist | a sepecialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine
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| cec/o | cecum
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| cecum | the 1st section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon)
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| ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and the cecum
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| append/o appendic/o | appendix
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| appendix | finger-like projection of the cecum located in the RLQ of the abdomen, more specifically, located in the right inguinal (iliac) region of the abdomen
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| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix
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| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix
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| ascending colon | 2nd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon)
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| transverse colon | 3rd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon)
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| descending colon | 4th section of the large intestine (large bowelor colon)
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon, 5th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon)
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| sigmoaidoscope | a lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon
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| rect/o | rectum
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| rectum | the 6th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon)
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| rectocele | herniation of the rectum
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| an/o | anus
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| anus | the last (7th) section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon)
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| sphincter | a ring of muscle that opens and closes
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| anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| proctologist | a specialist in the study of the anus and rectum
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| proctoptosis | drooping/sagging of the anus and rectum
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| prolapse | drooping/sagging of the rectum
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| proctoscope | a lighted instrument to view the anus and rectum
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| proctosigmoidoscopy | process of viewing the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument
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| col/o colon/o | colon, large bowl, or large intestine
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| colitis | inflammation the the colon
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| UC | ulceritive colitis-inflammation of the colon and the presense of ulcers
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| colotomy | surgical incision of the colon
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| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon
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| colonoscope | lighted instrument to view the colon
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| colostomy | new/artifical opening into the colon
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| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon
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| hepat/o | liver-located in the RUQ
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| liver | made up of lobes, responsible for creating bile
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| bile | the function of bile is to emulsify (emulsification)
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| emulsify | to break up fats
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| hepatoma | tumor or mass of the liver
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| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver
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| chole- | bile or gall
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| cholecyst/o | gall bladder-located inferior to the liver
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| cyst/o | bladder
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| choledoch/o | bile duct (a vessel)
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| bile ducts | carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder and from the gall bladder to the duodenum
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| choledocholithiasis | abnormal condition of a stone(s) in a bile duct
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| choledocholithotomy | surgical incision of a bile duc to remove a stone
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| choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone from a bile duct
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| choledocholithotripsy | crushing a stone in a bile duct
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| cholangioma | tumor or mass of a bile vessel
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| cholangiogram | a record of a bile vessel
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of a gall bladder
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| cholecystogram | a record of a gall bladder
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| cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of a gall stone(s)
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| pancreas | located posterior to the stomach (retrogastric); creates enzymes that will aid in chemical digestion
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| pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| peritone/o | abdomen
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| lapar/o | abdomen
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| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum (abdomen)
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| peritonitis | inflammation of the abdoemn
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| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen
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| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen
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| laparotomy | surgical incision of the abdomen
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| laparoscope | lighted instrument to view the abdomen
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| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted thru an opening in the abdomen
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| diverticul/o | diverticulum(a)
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| diverticulua | blister-like lesions found in the large bowel
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| diverticulous | abnormal condition of the diverticula
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula
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| diverticulectomy | surgical removal of a diverticulum
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| polyp/o | polyp
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| polyp | premalignant lesion that can be found in the large bowel
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| polyposis | abnormal condition of polyps
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| polyectomy | surgical removal of a polyp
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| adhesion | tissue that sticks together that shouldn't
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| stoma | any new or artificial opening
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| dysphagia | a condition of painfulor difficult swallowing
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| aphagia | a condition of no swallowing
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| dysphasia | a condition of difficult speech
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| bradypepsia | (bradypepsic) a conidtion of slow digestion
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| dyspepsia | (dyspepsic) a condition difficult digestion AKA indigestion
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| herni/o | (hernia) a protrusion of an organ thru the muscular wall in which it is contained
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| herniorrhaphy | surturing of a hernia
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| hiatal hernia | herniation of the stomach thru the diaphragm
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| inguinal hernia | herniation of the small intestine into the scrotum
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| umbilical hernia | herniation of the small intestine thru the abdominal wall at the umbilicus (belly button)
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| strangulated hernia | the hernia occludes blood supply to the protruding tissue
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| anorexia | (anorexic) a condition of no appetite
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| halitosis | bad breath
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| eructation | (eructate) belching or burping
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| dental carries | extreme tooth decay
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| emesis | (emetic) pertaining to vomiting
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| hemoptysis | expectorating blood
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood
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| ulcer | an erosion of the skin or mucous membrane
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| perforation | a tear or rip
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| UGI | upper gastrointestinal series AKA barium swallow
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| Barium | radiopaque (conrast) material that will illuminate when exposed to x-rays
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| BaE / BE | barium enema
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - process of recording the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts using x-rays and a lighted instrument
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| resection | excision
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| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound - the process of recording the GI tract using sound and a lighted instrument
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| peristalsis | (peristaltic) pertaining to a wave-like action on the bowels that propels food thru the GI tract
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| borborygmos | the groaning/gurgling sounds made during peristalic activity
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| colic | painful spasms of the GI tract
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| stool | semisolid waste expelled thru the anus AKA feces
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| defecation | the act of expelling feces AKA bowl movement (BM)
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| flatus | (flatulence) gas exoelled thru the anus
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| diarrhea | loose watery stools
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| constipation | difficult defecation
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| impaction | as accumulation of feces in the bowel
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| ileus | a bowel obstruction
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| obstipation | constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus)
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| melena | (melanotic) black, tarry, pungent stool indiative of blood in the fecal matter
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| pungent | a very strong aroma
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| Hemoccult | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| Hema-Chceck | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| Colo-Rect | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| Hematest | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| Seracult | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| guaiac | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| occult | hidden blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye
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| NG | nasogastric tube
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| gastric lavage | washing out the stomach AKA pumping the stomach
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| gavage | a feeding tube
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| distend | to strech out or inflate
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| cirrhosis | a chronic degeneration of liver cells
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| jaundice | a yellow-orangish discoleration of the skin and/or sclera
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| icterus | (iceturs) a yellow-orangish discoleration of the skin and/or sclera caused by a destruction of erythocytes
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| hemolysis | break up / destruction of eryrthocytes
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| bilirubin | dead / broken up erythrocytes
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| hyperbilirubinemia | a blood conditon of excessive bilirubin
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| absorb | movment of nutrients into the blood stream
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| postprandial | pertaing to after meals
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| enzymes | chemical catalysts; a chemical that causes a reaction to occur
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| N+V | nausea and vomiting
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| BS | blood sugar, bowel souns, or breath sounds
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| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease
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| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy
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| TPN | total parental nutrition
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| hyperlimentation | (hyperal) total parental nutrition
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| O_P | ova and parasites
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| LFTs | liver function tests
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| SGOT | AST
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| SGPT | ALT
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| ALK. PHOS. | alkaline phosphatase
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| Dx | diagnosis
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| Px | prognosis
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| ā | before
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| p | after
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Created by:
RBarnes86
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