Healthy Human Body
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| Digestion: Role of salivary | contains amylase enzymes which start breaking down amylose and amylopectin
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| Monosaccharides are | building blocks of carbohydrates, are single 5 sided structures, examples: glucose, fructose, galactose
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| Key functions of Carbohydrates | are found primarily in plant-based foods and are key source of energy for body
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| Where do Carbohydrates come from? | Plants are the primary producers because they go through photosynthesis
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| Disaccharides are | Formed from two monosaccharides, example-Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose
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| Polysaccharides are | chains of simple sugars, it is starch, fiber, and glycogen, complex carbohydrates, consists of amylose and amylopectin
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| Starch is | the storage form in plants, it's structure is a long chain with no branching
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| Amylose | straight chains of glucose units
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| Amylopectin | branched chains of glucose units
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| Pancreatic amylase | Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives.
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| What form of carbohydrates are absorbed? | Monosaccharides
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| Importance of glycogen | serves as the storage form of glucose that is not immediately needed by the body.
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| Glycemic index (GI) | ranks foods' effects on blood glucose compared with equal amount of pure glucose
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| Glycemic Load (GL) | adjusts GI to take into account the amount of carbohydrates consumed
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| Triglycerides | three fatty acids connected to glycerol "backbone"
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| Saturated Fat | all carbons bonded to hydrogen
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| Unsaturated fat | one or more double bond between carbons (less saturated with hydrogen)
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| Trans fat | are synthetically produced, unnatural fats
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| When a meal is consumed the blood glucose levels | are high
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| when blood glucose levels are high.... hormone is produced from the ..... | insulin, pancreas
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| When blood glucose levels are low....hormone is produced from the ..... | glucagon, pancreas
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| ...is the storage molecule for glucose. It is made in the.... and .... | glycogen, liver, muscle
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| in response to insulin the liver.....glycogen | stores (or makes)
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| In response to glucagon the liver.....glycogen | breaks down
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| the overall effect of insulin is to ....blood sugar levels | lower
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| the overall effect of glucagon is to....blood sugar levels | raise
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| The......tells you how much a specific carbohydrate will affect your blood sugar | glycemic index or glycemic load
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| the two organs important for regulating blood glucose are the...and the ... | liver and pancreas
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| cells take up glucose from the blood when the....hormone is produced | insulin
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| the ....is the organ responsible for regulating blood sugar levels | pancreas (or liver)
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| if the body does not produce insulin then the blood sugar levels will always be | high
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| normal blood glucose levels should be between...and...mg/dl | 70-99
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| Foods with a high glycemic index elicit a ... release of insulin | high (or fast or large)
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| the simple sugars are made of two categories or carbs, the ....and .... | monosaccharides and polysaccharides
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| three types of monosaccharides are ..... | glucose,fructose, and galactose
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| the disaccharide sucrose if made of | glucose & fructose
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| two major types of starch are | amylose and amylopectin
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| starch is the major glucose storage molecule in...., while ... is the major glucose storage in animals | plants , glycogen
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| the enzyme that digests starch in the mounth is called.... | salivary amylase
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| the enzyme that digests it in the pancreas is called | pancreatic amylase
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| ....and .... must be transported to the...to be converted into glucose before the body can use them for energy | fructose, galactose, liver
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| ....is a polysaccharide that cannot be digested by the body.... | cellulose (or fiber)
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| the recommended dietary allowance for carbohydrates are...g/day for adults | 130
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| The adequate intake of fiber for women is ... and for men it is .... | 25 g/day...38 g/day
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| Polysaccharides cannot be absorbed in the small intestine, they must be digested to ...in order to be absorbed | monosaccharides
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| Digestion of starch does not occur in the stomach because or its....environment | acidic
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| Phospholipids | have glycerol backbone but two fatty acids and a phosphorus group
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| Sgerols | are comprised mainly of four connecting rings or carbon and hydrogen
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| Chylomicrons | carry digested fat through lymph into bloodstream
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| Very Low-Density lipoproteins | deliver fat made in liver to cells
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| Low density lipoproteins | bad cholesterol deposit cholesterol on walls of arteries
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| high density lipoproteins | remove cholesterol from body and deliver to liver for excreation
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| Atherosclerosis | narrowing of arteries due to build up of plaque
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| Proteins | are the predominant structural and functional materials in every cell
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| Denaturation | the alteration (unfolding)of a protein's shape, which changes the structure and function of the protein
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| DNA | in the cell nucleus contains instructions for protein synthesis
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| Essential amino acids | cannot be made by the body and it is essential to obtain them from the diet
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| What are the building blocks of proteins? | amino acids
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| What happens to the excess proteins in the body? | the liver uses the proteins to make new proteins, glucose, or for other purposes and the rest are sent back to the blood stream to be used
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Created by:
carraig
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