Sociology - Exam 1 - Part 2 - Culture
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| Ways of thinking, ways of acting, and material objects that together form a people’s way of life | Culture
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| 2 types of Culture | Non-Material Culture
Material Culture
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| people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture | Society
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| personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life | Culture shock
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| Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture | Symbol
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| system of symbols that allows people to communicate | Language
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| process by which one generation passes culture to the next | Cultural Transmission
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| Language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world. Thinking and perception are shaped by language. | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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| culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, & beautiful | Values
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| broad guidelines for social living | Values
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| specific ideas people hold to be true | Beliefs
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| rules & expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members | Norms
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| rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to cultural norms | Sanctions
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| norms that are widely observed & have great moral significance | Mores or Taboos
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| norms for casual interaction | Folkways
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| behaviors suggested by values & norms | Ideal culture
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| actual behavior | Real culture
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| pertaining to Material culture - physical human creations | Artifacts
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| pertaining to Material culture - knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings | Technology
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| pertaining to Material culture - historical changes in culture brought about by new technology | Sociocultural Evolution
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| cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population | Subculture
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| cultural diversity with respect & equal standing for all cultural traditions | Multiculturalism
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| cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society | Counterculture
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| relationships among various elements of a cultural system | Cultural Integration
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| some cultural elements change more quickly than others | Cultural Lag
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| practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture | Ethnocentrism
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| practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards | Cultural relativism
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| Pertaining to Theoretical Analysis of Culture - Culture is a complex strategy for meeting human needs | Structural-functional
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| Pertaining to Theoretical Analysis of Culture - Any cultural trait benefits some members of society at the expense of others | Social-conflict
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| negative judgement we put on ourselves | guilt
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