The Start of Life: Prenatal Development
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| genes | basic unit of genetic information
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| DNA | substance that genes are composed of that determine the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function
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| chromosomes | rod shaped portion of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs
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| zygote | the new cell fromed by the process of fertilization
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| gametes | the sex cells from the mother and father that form a new cell at conception
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| ononzygotic twins | twins who are genetically identical
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| dizygotic twins | twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time
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| dominate trait | the one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present
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| recessive trait | a trait within an organism that is present but not expressed
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| genotype | the underlying combination af genetic material present but not outwardly visible in an organism
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| phenotype | an observable trait
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| homozygous | inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait
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| heterozygous | inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait
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| polygenic inheritance | inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene paris is responsible for the production of a particular trait
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| x linked genes | genes that are considered recessive and located only on the x chromosome
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| behavioral genetics | the study of the effects of heredity on behavoir
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| down syndrome | a disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair (monoglism)
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| fragile X syndrome | a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the x chromosome producing mild to moderate mental retardation
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| sickel-cell anemia | blood disorder taht gets its name for the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it
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| Tay-Sachs disease | disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death, no treatment
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| Klienfetler's syndrome | disorder resultion from the presence of an extra chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts
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| genetic counseling | discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders
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| amniocentisis | the process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus
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| chorinic vilus sampling (CVS) | test used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hairlike material that surrounds the embryo
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| ultrasound sonography | process in which high frequency sound waves scan the mother's womb to produce and image of the unborn baby, whose size and shape can then be assessed
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