Presidential Reconstruction
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| Reconstruction | A period in which the Southern states were gradually brought back into the Union after the Civil War; a time of rebuilding
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| freedmen | former slaves
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| nullify | To cancel, such as to cancel a law
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| Juneteenth | June 19, 1865
The day enslaved Texans celebrated their freedom. General Gordon Granger brought news of emancipation to Texas.
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| Four problems faced by the Southern states during the Reconstruction period | 1. the South lay in ruins
2. money was scarce
3. differences between the North & the South
4. free African Americans had no food or shelter
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| What was General Gordon Granger’s first act after arriving in Texas? | He issued a proclamation declaring all slaves free. It was June 19, 1865.
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| Where were Union troops stationed after the Civil War? | •At Galveston
•At the Rio Grande to patrol the Mexican border
•Assigned to larger towns to maintain law & order
•Occupied Austin, the capital
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| What was President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan for the Southern states? Part 1 | •Each state must prohibit slavery
•Each state must nullify, or cancel, its ordinance of secession (which claimed that the state had the right to secede)
(see Part 2 for more)
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| What was President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan for the Southern states? Part 2 | •Citizens were required to take an Oath of Allegiance to the U.S. to gain the right to vote
•Leaders of the Confederacy or those owning $20,000 in cash or property needed a special pardon from the president
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| Freedmen's Bureau | Helped people left homeless by the War and supervised the affairs of newly freed blacks. Found jobs, issued food & clothing to the sick, aged and poor. Established the 1st public schools for blacks. Defended rights of freed Texans in court cases.
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| Why did people oppose slavery? | 1. It is wrong for one person to own another, 2. slaves had terrible lives, 3. slavery went against the ideas of democracy and freedom
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| How did people defend slavery? | 1. said it supported the economy, 2. said that great civilizations in the past had slavery, 3. said slaves were not mistreated
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| Slave escapes and rebellions | 1. whites feared large slave rebellions, 2. number of escapes increased by 1850's, 3. slaves were severely punished if caught
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| Slaves at work | 1. worked six days a week, 2. worked in the fields or factories, 3. worked from daybreak to dark
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| Slaves at leisure | 1. went to church 2. had dances or family gatherings 3. told stories or played games 4. tended their gardens or did personal chores
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| Gordon Granger | landed at Galveston on June 19, 1865; his first action was to issue a proclamation declaring all enslaved Texans were free
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| Abraham Lincoln | president during the Civil War; signed the Emancipation Proclamation; was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; wanted moderate reconstruction
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| Andrew Hamilton | was appointed provisional governor of Texas until the state was readmitted to the Union under the Presidential Reconstruction Plan
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| Philip Sheridan | commanded the district containing Texas and Louisiana
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| Edmund Davis | Radical Republican candidate for governor of Texas in 1869 beating Andrew Hamilton
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| James Throckmorton | elected governor of Texas in 1866
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| Elisha Pease | took over as governor of Texas after Throckmorton--was appointed by Sheridan
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| Richard Coke | Democrat who replaced Edmund Davis as governor of Texas in 1874
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