Music History Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paean | a hymn that celebrated the deed of primary gods such as Zeus (the chief god) and Apollo (the god of the sun, of music, and of reason)
🗑
|
||||
| Dithyramb | a wild choral song, mingled with shouts, which did honor to playful Dionysus (the god of wine and fertility)
🗑
|
||||
| Symposium | a tightly organized social gathering in which adult male citizens came together for conversation and entertainment
🗑
|
||||
| Lyre | a medium-sized instrument usually fitted with seven strings of sheep gut and plucked by a plectrum of metal or bone
🗑
|
||||
| Kithara | an especially big lyre
🗑
|
||||
| Aulos | a wind instrument fitted with a round single reed or with a flat double reed
🗑
|
||||
| Pythagoras | mathematician in Greek mythology who used music to save one member of his community from the crime of arson
🗑
|
||||
| Tibia | wood flute, lyre, kithara, and aulos Romans adopted from Greeks; perhaps named for bone-like appearance
🗑
|
||||
| Tuba | Roman name for the trumpet; a long, straight instrument with a cylindrical bore and a bell at the end; made of bronze and iron with a bone mouthpiece
🗑
|
||||
| Seven liberal arts | grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music
🗑
|
||||
| Trivium | first 3 of 7 liberal arts: grammar, logic, and rhetoric; deal with language, logic, and oratory
🗑
|
||||
| Quadrivium | final 4 of 7 liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music; scientific disciplines for each uses number and quantitative reasoning to arrive at the truth
🗑
|
||||
| Boethius | Roman music theorist; descendant of an aristocratic family of Roman senators
🗑
|
||||
| Fundamentals of Music | written by Boethius; became required school text for music theory
🗑
|
||||
| Musica mundane | music of the spheres
🗑
|
||||
| Musica humana | music of the human body
🗑
|
||||
| Musica instrumentalis | earthly vocal and instrumental music
🗑
|
||||
| Musicus | musicologist who studies and understands music
🗑
|
||||
| Cantor | practitioner who performs music; person specially trained to lead the music of the community
🗑
|
||||
| Liturgy | collection of prayers, chants, readings, and ritual acts by which the theology of the church, or any organized religion, is practiced
Chant
🗑
|
||||
| Rule of St.Benedict | code of conduct to regulate daily life in a monastery, compiled in 530 CE by Benedict. Required vows of chastity; worked the land to feed bodies; prayed and chanted to save souls; not so much interested in helping others as in saving their souls.
🗑
|
||||
| Canonical hours (liturgical offices) | set of eight periods of worship occurring throughout the day. During these times, monks and nuns ceased their work and came together for prayer, reading of scripture, and singing
Vespers
🗑
|
||||
| Gregorian chant (plainsong) | body of music sung at services of canonical hours and Mass. It is a vast body of monophonic religious music setting Latin texts and intended for use in the Roman Catholic Church.
🗑
|
||||
| Holy Roman Empire | the re-started Roman Empire, under Charlemagne, in which he wished to recreate the old empire but as Christian empire rather than pagan
Psalter
🗑
|
||||
| Psalm tone | simple repeating patterns used for singing Psalms. Begins with intonation sung by cantor, continues with a recitation on a single pitch, then a short mediation (middle cadence formula), more recitation on a single pitch, then a short Termination formula
🗑
|
||||
| Hymn | relatively short chant with a small number of phrases (often four), and a narrow vocal range. Like modern hymns, form is strophic
🗑
|
||||
| Magnificat | biblical text of Mary’s response to the news that she would bear the Christ child
🗑
|
||||
| Proper of the Mass | consists of chants whose texts change each day to suit the religious theme, or honor a particular saint on just that day
🗑
|
||||
| Ordinary of the Mass | includes chants with unvarying texts, and can be sung almost every day of the year
🗑
|
||||
| Syllabic chant | usually one note per syllable of text
🗑
|
||||
| Neumatic chant | usually 3-5 notes per syllable of text
🗑
|
||||
| Melismatic chant | many notes per syllable
🗑
|
||||
| John of St. Gall | monk from St. Gall (John Cotton), wrote treatise De Musica where he set forth the 8 church modes in a system with numbers to which were added Greek names; are still in use today
🗑
|
||||
| Church modes | 8 melodic patterns into which medieval theorist categorized chants of the church: Dorian, Hypodorian, Phyrgian, Hypophrygian, Lydian, Hypolydian, Mixolydian, Hypomixolydian
🗑
|
||||
| Authentic mode | first mode within each pair (Dorian, Phyrgian, Lydian, and Mixolydian)
🗑
|
||||
| Plagal mode | means “derived from,” a fourth below authentic counterpart (Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, and Hypomixolydian)
🗑
|
||||
| Neume | signs for single pitches as well as for groups
🗑
|
||||
| Guido of Arezzo | Italian monk who was the leader in the creation of the musical staff and note names; wrote Micrologus
🗑
|
||||
| Solfege | singing different pitches to syllables
🗑
|
||||
| Guidonian hand | further innovation added to facilitate sight-singing with hexachords; system of using the left hand to inscribe mentally all the notes of the Guidonian scale
🗑
|
||||
| Trope | addition of music or text, or both, to a pre-existing chant
🗑
|
||||
| Sequence | addition of music with text to a pre-existing chant; did not precede a chant but followed it
🗑
|
||||
| Double verse structure | each musical phrase is sung twice to accommodate a pair of verses
🗑
|
||||
| Dies irae | most famous of all medieval sequences; means Day of Wrath; sequence for the Requiem Mass
🗑
|
||||
| Diabolus in musica | the dissonant tritone (devil in music)
🗑
|
||||
| Liturgical drama | religious play-with-music intended to be inserted into a liturgy, usually before Mass
🗑
|
||||
| Troubadour | male poet-musicians who flourished in S. France; “trobar” means “to find”
🗑
|
||||
| Trobairitz | women poet-musicians; “trobar” means “to find”
🗑
|
||||
| Trouvère | name for the poet-musician in the North
🗑
|
||||
| Chanson | a song of the north
🗑
|
||||
| Chansonnier | book of songs
🗑
|
||||
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | grandfather was a Duke and first recorded troubadour; she inherited the Duchy of Aquitaine and became queen of England after marrying man who became King Henry II
🗑
|
||||
| Bernart de Ventadorn | troubadour at Chinon (ruled by Eleanor), fell in love with Eleanor and left when she broke his heart
🗑
|
||||
| Minnesinger | German poet-musician writing love songs in the native tongue
🗑
|
||||
| Minnesang | “song of love” in old high German
🗑
|
||||
| Musica enchiriadis | Music Handbook that describes a type of polyphonic singing called organum
🗑
|
||||
| Organum (pl., organa) | term that connotes polyphony; voices singing in harmony show a sound similar to organ
🗑
|
||||
| Parallel organum | organum in which all voices move in lockstep, up or down, with the intervals between voices remaining the same
🗑
|
||||
| Vox principalis | principal voice; pre-existing chant to be enhanced
🗑
|
||||
| Vox organalis | organal voice; newly created line to be added to the chant
🗑
|
||||
| Oblique motion | one voice repeating or sustaining a pitch while another moves away or toward it
🗑
|
||||
| Gothic architecture | new, lighter manner of architecture that replaced older, heavy, Roman-dominated style
🗑
|
||||
| Nave | western end and public part of the church
🗑
|
||||
| Choir | area where most music was made in the east end of the church; included the high altar
🗑
|
||||
| Leoninus | wrote a great book of polyphony called Magnus liber organi; educated in Paris; priest, poet, and canon (high-ranking official) of the cathedral of Notre Dame
🗑
|
||||
| Magnus liber organi | great book of polyphony written by Leoninus
🗑
|
||||
| Organum purum | pure organum; florid two-voice organum
🗑
|
||||
| Discant | both voices move at roughly the same rate and are written in clearly defined rhythms
🗑
|
||||
| Clausula | each separate section making use of discant style; section, phrase, or musical clause
🗑
|
||||
| Rhythmic modes | simple patterns of repeating rhythms: one pattern for mode one, another for mode two, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Substitute clausula | one clausula written in discant style intended to replace another
🗑
|
||||
| Perotinus | took rhythmic innovations of Leoninus and used them to create polyphonic works of unprecedented length, complexity, and grandeur
🗑
|
||||
| Duplum | second voice
🗑
|
||||
| Triplum | third voice
🗑
|
||||
| Quadruplum | fourth voice
🗑
|
||||
| Close | independent urban enclave situated next to almost every medieval cathedral
🗑
|
||||
| Peter Abelard | nobleman turned cleric; fell in love with a woman which led to a huge scandal and an outpouring of poetry and music
🗑
|
||||
| Universitas | unified collection of all the schools and colleges under a single administrative head
🗑
|
||||
| Latin Quarter | lectures given in Latin as well as spoken by all students on the streets
🗑
|
||||
| Motet | diminutive of the French mot meaning “word”; a discant clausula – self-contained section of organum in discant style involving just one or two words in the original chant
🗑
|
||||
| Hocket | both a contrapuntal technique and a musical genre – sounds of 2 voices are staggered by the careful placement of rests, thereby creating a highly syncopated piece
🗑
|
||||
| Formes fixes | fixed forms; secular songs and dances setting texts in medieval French
🗑
|
||||
| Ballade | a song setting a poem with one to three stanzas, or strophes
🗑
|
||||
| Ballade style | musical form is AAB
🗑
|
||||
| Cyclic Mass | all movements of the Mass are linked together by a common musical theme
🗑
|
||||
| Contratenor bassus | contratenor below the tenor
🗑
|
||||
| Contratenor altus | contratenor above the tenor
🗑
|
||||
| Chant | monophonic religious music sung in a house of worship
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
megshu
Popular History sets