Spontaneous Change and Equilibrium
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Spontaneous Change | Change taking place without outside intervention
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| Entropy | State property of chemical and physical terms that depends on the number of microstates available to its molecules
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| Microstates | Possible accessible microscopic states or arrangements of molecules
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| 3rd Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy of any crystalline substance approaches zero as the absolute zero of temperature is approached
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| Standard Molar Entropy | Absolute entropy of 1 mol of a substance in a standard state
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| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy of a system may increase or decrease in a spontaneous process, but when the entropy of the surroundings is added, the total must always increase
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| Gibbs Energy | A state property without reference to the surroundings that exists if consideration is restricted to processes at constant temperature and pressure
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| Trouton's Rule | In the conversion between liquid and vapor, the entropy change at boiling point approximates 88JK-1mol-1
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| Gibbs Energy of Reaction | Equals the difference between the sum of the Gibbs energies of the products and the sum of the Gibbs energies of the reactants
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| Standard Molar Gibbs Energies of Formation | The change in Gibbs energy when 1 mol of a substance forms in a standard state at a specified temperature from the most stable forms of its constituent elements in standard states at the same temperature
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| Standard Gibbs Energy of Reaction | Gibbs energy change when reactants in standard states give products in standard states a specified temperature
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| Van't Hoff Equation | Allows for the calculation of K at a second temperature, in the approximation that enthalpy and entropy are constant
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| Clausius-Clapeyron Equation | The vapor pressure at any given temperature can be estimated if it is known at some other temperature and if the enthalpy of vaporization is also known
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