Ch.7
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| Torso | Midsection or Trunk
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| Origin | Less movable;point of attachment of a muscle to a bone
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| Articular Cartilage | covers the surface of connecting bones
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| Muscle Biopsy; can be done by biobsy needle or incisional biopsy | extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue for the purpose of examining under a microscope.
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| Atrophy | Wasting away;literally "without development"
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| Circumduction | the movementof an extremity around in a circular motion
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| Crepitation | Crepitation Clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement.
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| Bunionectomy | Surgical removal of a bunion;removing the bursa & bony overgrowth
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| flexion | A bending motion that decreases the angle between 2 bones.
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| Ligaments | connect bone to bone;offers suport to the joint
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| Joint Cavity | The space between two connecting bones
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| Arthralgia | joint pain
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| Dorsiflexion | Bending foot backward/upward at ankle(toward tibia)
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| Ganglionectomy | surgical removal of ganglion
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| Hinge Joint | Joint that allows movement in one direction. back-and-forth motion. ex: knees,elbows
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| Photosensitivity | Increased reaction of the skin to exposure to light
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| Fascia | Holds Fibers together. Thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate&co9ver the
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| Bursa | Small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area @the joint WHERE FRICTION IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR. ex:knee, elbow,shoulder
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| latissimus dorsi | Forms the posterior border of axilla/armpit.
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| Involuntary Muscle | Muscles that act w/out conscious control
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| Viscous | sticky;gelatinous
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| gout | A form of ACUTE arthritis that is characterized of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe.
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| ganglion | ganglionCystic tumor developing on a tendon.Sometimes occuring on the back of the wrist.
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| tendon | Attaches Muscle to bone.
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| Striated Muscle | Muscles that have a striped appearance when viewed under a microscope.EX:Skeletal&Cardiac muscles
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| insertion | The POINT OF ATTACHMENT of a muscle to bone and moves. MORE MOVEABLE
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| Tibialis Anterior | muscle positioned on the front of the leg. responsible for turning foot inward&for dorsiflexing the foot.
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| gastrocnemius | Main muscle of the Calf. Used in standing on tiptoes(plantar flexing foot) & flexing toes.
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| gluteus medius | Used for IM injection, smaller muscle located above the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus. helps abduct thigh.
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| gluteus maximus | Forms most of the fleshy part of the buttock.Offers support when individual is standing. extends thigh
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| deltoid | Used for IM injections. Muscle that covers shoulder joint;originates from the clavicle & scapula,inserts on lateral side of humerus.
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| Abduction | Movement of a bone away from midline of body.
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| Adduction | Movement of a bone towards midline of the body.
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| Pelvic girdle weakness | Weakness in the pelvic girdle. In MD it weakens causing a child to use 1 or both hands to assist in rising from a sitting position by "walking" the hands up the lower extremities until in upright position.
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| Arthralgia | pain in the joins;symptoms present many joint diseases.
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| ArthritisInflammation of the joints | Inflammation of the joints
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| Trapezius | TRIANGULAR-SHAPED muscle that extends acrose the back of the shoulder.Covers the back of the neck & inserts on the clavicle & scapula.
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| Pronation | Turning palms downward or backward
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| Supination | Turning palms upward or forward
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| Rotation | The turning of a bone on it's own axis.
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| Osteoarthritis AKA Degenerative Joint Disease | MOST COMMON FORM OF ARTHRITIS;results from wear and tear on the joints, especially weight bearing joints such as knees and hipsl.
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| Sciatica | Inflammation of the nerve marked by pain & tenderness along the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg
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| arthrocentesis | Surgical puncture of a joint w/a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis.
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| arthroplasty | Surgical reconstruction/repair of a joint
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | CHRONIC,SYSTEMIC INFLAMATORY DISEASE,affects multiple joints such as those in the hands and feet.
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| Lyme disease | ACUTE inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick.
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| Pectoralis Major | Fan shaped muscle that crosses the upper part of the front of the chest.
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| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | Group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles;no evidence of nerve or nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue.
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| Subluxation | An incomplete dislocation of a bone; such as the shoulder joint.
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| Electromyography | ElectromyographyProcess of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current
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| Rotator cuff tear | A tear in the muscles that form a "cuff" over the head of the humerus.
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| strains | Injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from
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| bunion | Abnormal enlargment of the joint at the base of the great toe.
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| Contracture | An abnormal(usually permanent) bending of a joint into a fixed position.
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| malaise | A vague feeling of weakness
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| Kyphosis | Humpback
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| ball-and-socket joint | Joint that allows free movement in many directions around a central point.
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| Masseter | Used when chewing and biting. Raises lower jaw.
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| Buccinator | Cheek muscle
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| temporal | muscle located above and near the ear.
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| plantar flexion | Bending foot downward pointing toes
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| Suture | An immovable joint
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| Synovial Fluid | Thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints
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| Closed Reduction or Manipulation | Manual forcing of a joint back into it's original psition without surgery
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| Extension | A straightening motion;increases the angle between two bones.
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| Hamstring muscles | located in the posterior part of the thigh are hamstring muscles which are responsible for flexing the leg on the thigh
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| Skeletal muscles | muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton; also known as striated muscle. Skeletal muscles act voluntarily
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| Smooth muscle | muscles found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes such as the stomach, intestines, respiratory passageways, and blood vessels; also known as visceral muscles. Smooth muscles act involuntarily
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| Visceral muscle | muscles of the internal organs
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| Voluntary muscle | muscles that operate under conscious control
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| Fibrous joint | the surfaces of the bones fit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue
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| Cartilaginous joint | the bones are connected by cartilage-as in the symphysis(joint between the pubic bones of the pelvis
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| Synovial joint | the bones have a space between them called the joint cavity
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| Hinge joint | allows movement in one direction-a back-and-forth type of motion
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| Dorsiflexion | the foot narrows the angle between the leg and the top of the foot
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| Bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
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| Synovial membrane | the lining of a synovial joint cavity
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| Dislocation | is the displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of functionof the joint
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| Herniated disk | is the rupture of the central portion, or nucleus, of the disk throuh the disk wall and into the spinal canal
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| Sprains | is an injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint, caused by a wrenching or twisting motion
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| Systemic lupus erythematosus | is a chronic inflammatory connective-tssue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other organs
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| Arthroscopy | is the visualization of the interior of a joint using an endoscope
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| Rheumatoid factor | test is a blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number of connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis
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