Chapter 4 Medical Terminology
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| Abdominal Cavity | contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys.
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| Anaplasia | a change in the structure and orientation of cells
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| Anatomical Position | stand with arms at the side, palms turned forward, head and feet pointed forward
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| Anterior | front of the body
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| Aplasia | a development failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue.
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| Cardiac Muscle | muscular wall of the heart.
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| Caudal | pertaining to the tail.
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| Cell | the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter.
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| Cell Membrane | the cell's outer covering (barrier)
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| Cervical Vertebrae | Neck
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| Chromosones | controls growth, repair, and reproduction
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| Coccyx | the tail bone
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| Connective Tissue | supports and binds body parts and other body tissues
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| Cranial | Pertaining to the head.
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| Cranial Cavity | Brain.
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| Cytology | The study of cells.
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| Distal | away from the surface and towards the inside of the body.
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| Dorsal | pertaining to the back.
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| Dysplasia | any abnormal development of tissues or organs
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| Epigastric Region | the region of the abdomen located between the left and right hypochondriac region the upper section of the abdomen
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| Epithelial Tissue | tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs.
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| Frontal Plane | divides the body in half (front to back)
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| Genes | segments of chromosones that transmit hereditary characteristics
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| Histologist | medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues.
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| Hyperplasia | an increase in the # of cells of a body part.
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| Hypogastric Region | middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region.
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| Hypoplasia | incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells.
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| Inferior | away from the head.
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| Inguinal Region | right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; (iliac region)
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| Lateral | toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body.
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| Lumbar Region | right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen.
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| Mcburney's Point | located on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip.
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| Medial | toward the midline (medial edge of the right breast)
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| Mediolateral | pertaining to the middle & side of a structure.
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| Midline of the Body | imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves.
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| Mitochondria | cell organs, which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions.
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| Muscle Tissue | produces movement of the body parts.
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| Navel | Bellybutton.
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| Neoplasia | new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant.
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| Nervous Tissue | tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body
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| Nucleus | central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane.
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| Pelvic Cavity | lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; the urinary bladder and reproductive organs.
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| Peritoneum | specific serous membrane the covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera.
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| Plane | imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle.
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| Plantar | sole or bottom of the foot.
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| Posterior | back of the body.
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| Prone | lying facedown on the abdomen.
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| Proximal | toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest to the point of origin of a body part.
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| Sacrum | the singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child.
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| Skeletal Muscle | muscle that is attached to bone & is responsible for the movement of the skeleton.
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| Smooth Muscle | viceral tissue in walls and hollow internal organs like stomach and intestines.
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| Superficial | pertaining to the surface of the body, or near the surface.
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| Superior | above or upward toward the head.
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| Supination | a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward.
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| Supine | lying horizontally on the back, faceup.
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| Thoracic Cavity | the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, hearts, aorta, esophagus, and trachea.
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| Tissue | group of cells that performs specialized functions.
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| Transverse Plane | cutting across the body. dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
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| Umbilical Region | region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region.
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| Umbilicus | the navel; belly button.
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| Ventral | pertaining to the front; belly side.
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| Visceral | pertaining to the internal organs.
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| Visceral Muscle | muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines.
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