Foundations of Gerontology TCN Module
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| Administration on Aging (AoA) | Serves as advocate for older adults and plans & provides services to older Americans and their families
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| Federal Administrative Committee on Aging & Geriatrics | Organization founded in 1951 to create nationwide awareness of the problems of older Americans & their need for services
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| American Society on Aging | Political organization that consists primarily of people who organize & provide services to older people
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| National Council of Senior Citizens | Organization for seniors that has been effective in representing them and their concerns to the federal gov't
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| National Council on Aging | Organization primarily of people who organize & provide services to older people
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| National Conference on Aging | 1st major gov't attempts to confront problems of older Americans in 1950
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| White House Conference | Older Americans from all over joining to discuss major problems facing them
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| Older Americans Act | Established statutory entitlements to ensure all persons over 60 would have programs tailored specifically to their needs
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| Agency under the Dept of Health, Education & Welfare | Federal Administrative Committee on Aging & Geriatrics
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| Agency that helps older Americans and their families with special programs focusing on high risk individuals | Administration on Aging (AoA)
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| Federal Administrative Committee on Aging & Geriatrics came out of | 1st National Conference on Aging in 1950
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| Medicare & Medicaid came out of | 1st White House Conference in 1965
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| A psychologist would be interested in all of the following processes on aging EXCEPT: a) problem-solving capabilities b) adaptions to world experiences c) performance of motor skills d) progression toward reserve capacity | answer is D
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| Which system heavily impacts older adult's ability to respond to stimuli perceived by the senses | Musculoskeletal
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| Older person highly motivated to spend time with friends and family as well as to be included in decision making of social groups | Extrovert concerned with world around him as well as himself
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| Psychotherapy focuses on | Warm interactions and positive transference of emotions to therapist
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| Older adult with positive outlook on life & high self-esteem | Believes stereotypes of older adults apply to peers more than himself
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| Advocacy groups create societal problems by perpetuating negative stereotyping | Emphasizing physical & financial problems associated with growing old
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| 4 different sample populations supported hypothesis study considered reliable | Same results yieded each time repeated
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| Pre-elderly | 55 - 64
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| Young-old | 65 - 74
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| Middle-old | 75 - 84
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| Old-old | 85 - 94
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| Elite-old | 95 - 99
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| Frail-old | 85+ who are at risk
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| Collagen Theory | Decrease in amount & quality of readily soluble collagen in connective tissues
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| Stiffening of heart, lungs, blood vessels & muscles | Collagen Theory
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| Declining Energy Theory | Fixed amount of vitality that cannot be revitalized
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| Person at mercy of environmental & social factors | Declining Energy Theory
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| Error/Mutation Theory | Genetic mutations cause organ decline through self-perpetuating mutations
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| Cross linkage & incorrect transcription of RNA from DNA synthesis | Error/Mutation Theory
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| Fixed Amount of Time Theory | Certain amount of time to live - if you use it, you lose it
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| Free Radical Theory | Accumulation of ineffective abnormal molecules impair functional capacity of organisms
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| Hayflick Limit | Fixed number of bodily cells AKA Theory of Reserve Capacity
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| Wild animals live, procreate and die | Hayflick Limit
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| Immune Theory | Matures early childhood, peaks around 40 and declines thereafter
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| Organic Mental Discorders | Dementias
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| Programmed Aging Theory | Hayflick - genetic program/biological clock with life span pre-set
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| Theory of Reserve Capacity | People who live to sexual maturity have cells that contain genetic reserve capacity
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| Unresolved Stress Theory | Disease-causing stress interacts with aging to accelerate the degeneration
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| Wear & Tear Theory | Functions become less effecient with prolonged use and numerous insults
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| Senescence | Process of becoming old
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| Life Span | Maximum length of life biologically possible without interference
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| Life Expectancy | Average length of life figured from time of birth
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| Conquering disease & altering age-related biological process | Increase in Life Expetancy
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| Leading causes of death end of 20th century | Heart Disease Cancer Stroke COPD Pneumonia Diabetes
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| Leading chronic conditions age 65+ | Arthritis Hypertension Hearing impairments Heart Disease Cataracts
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| Common social stressors in old age | Loss of income Loss of role & status Loss of spouse Isolation through disability Loss of cognitive functioning
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| Self-Help Movement | Initials health care needed Identify plan of action Decide actions to take Take responsibility for actions
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| Parsons "Sick Role" | 1) Exempt from normal role responsibilities 2) Exempt from responsibility for self-care 3) Obliged to seek professional help 4) Obliged to want to, and try to, get well
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| For physical change in body to be considered part of senescence | Must have negative effect on functioning of the body
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| Which racial group is expected to experience a substantial decline among its elderly: a) American Indians b) Whites c) Pacific Islanders d) Black | Answer is b
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| All non-reproductive body cells subject to set number of cell divisions | Reserve Capacity Theory
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| Holistic model | Self-care, medical care and social support services
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| Activity Theory | Continue middle-age lifestyle
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| Denying existence of old age as long as possible | Activity Theory
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| Continuity Theory of Aging | Predisposition toward certain actions in old age similar during other phases of life AKA Development Theory
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| Remaining engaged and or active, or not | Continuity Theory of Aging
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| Disengagement Theory | Some orderly means to transfer power from old to young
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| One of the earliest, most controversial and widely discussed theories of aging | Disengagement Theory
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| Common practice of industry | Disengagement Theory
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| Exchange Theory of Aging | People will try to maximze rewards and minimize losses
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| Field Dependent | Group oriented individuals
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| Havighurst Scale | Categorizes life satisfaction: 1) zest vs apathy 2) resolution & fortitude 3) strong relationship desired & acheived goals 4) self-concept 5) mood-tone
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| Labeling Theory | Individual derives self-concept from interaction with others in social surrounding
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| Meditative Intelligence | Detachment to view problem-solving processes in larger context
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| Releases connection between thought & emotion to see problem for less-biased point of view | Meditative Intelligence
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| Hearing loss | Major impact on communication
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| Olfactory function | Sharply declines after 65
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| Reaction Time | Period that elapses between presentation of a stimulus and beginning of the response
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| Response Time | Timed reaction to visual stimuli, abstract shapes and letters
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| Relative Deprivation | Sense of being less fortunate than others
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| Symbolic Interaction Theory | Ability of humans to acquire & use language making them distinctly different from other forms of life
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| Wisdom | Excellent judgment and advice
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| Baltes 5 Elements | 1) Factual knowledge 2) Procedural knowledge 3) Knowledge to place situations in appropriate context 4) knowledge considers situational relativism 5) knowledge considers uncertainty of life
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| 4 stages of aging & intelligence | 1) intellegence declines w/age (cross-sectional patterns) 2) consider different dimensions of intelligence (longitudinal) 3) various methods to see if adult intelligence could be improved 4) examining possibility higher mental abilities may increase
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| Friends | People known & trusted
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| Acquaintances | People known & liked
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| Biographical Life Course | Pathways people take that are influenced & intersected by historical eras/life stages
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| Cultural Life Course | Age-related progressions/sequences expected as mature & move through life
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| Formal Support Network | Private & public agencies
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| Informal Support Network | Family (personal care) and Friends (emotional support)
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| Spheres of Accomplishment | Family, Career, Age Group
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| Statistical Life Course | Studying and observing relative proportions of age cohort showing various patterns over time
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| Positively oriented | Glad to give up background - working class
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| Negatively oriented | Hate giving up work roles - middle class
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| Self-employed | Have never & don't intend to give up
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| Actively re-engaged | Find new & useful roles/activities
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| Interdependence | Bring people together to satisfy needs better than being alone
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| Intimacy | Exchange of affection, trust & confidence
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| Belonging | Sense of being more than isolated individual
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| Direct Income Sources | Earnings
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| Indirect Income Sources | Assistance
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| Old Age Survivors Insurance | Wife can choose to drop her benefits for deceased husband's
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| PBGC | US corporation guarantees payment of private pensions
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| Retirement Phase | Highly active - honeymoon period Inactive - rest & relaxation period Movement straight into retirement
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| Workforce Withdrawl | 1) desire to retire 2) employment problems 3) disability
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| Median income peaks | 45 - 54
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| Which of the following is not a factor to motivate people to work: a) desire for wages & benefits b) social status c) need to excel d) expend energy meaningful way | Anser is c
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| Real Estate Investment Properties | Elder Exploitation
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| Pre Paid Funeral Arrangements | Elder Exploitation
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| Easy target for Exploitation | Looking for inexpensive/quick way to increase income/wealth
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| Negative Age Discrimination | Unjust treatment due to chronological age or appearance of being old
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| Subtle Age Discrimination | Being left out of group interactions/social planning
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| Direct Age Discrimination | Being denied ability to participate in events/groups because of age
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| Townsend Plan | Gov't payment each month to be spent within 30 days of receipt and they retire
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| Medicare Part A | Hospitalization covered through payroll tax deductions
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| Medicare Part B | Physician and Outpatient expenses as supplement w/ monthly premiums deducted from SS
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| 3 needs Medicare does not cover | Adaptive devices, Long-term care, Prescription drugs
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| Long-term institutional care covered | Medicaid once assets no longer available
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| Older adults vote | Depending on which party supports their vested interests
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| Led to formation of the Townsend Plan | Shift from agricultural economy to industrial economy
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| Middle-aged adults with family & work responsibilities making it difficult to care for elderly family members | Advocacy group to aid older adults in acquision of money through political process
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| Took on AMA against disengagement | Gray Panthers
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| Paved way for creation of the Administration on Aging | Older Americans Act of 1965
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| Active Euthanasia | Giving or allowing patient to give a lethal dose
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| Active Suicide | Results in death
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| Adaptive Denial | Individual acknowledges death and its implications and focuses on what remains rather than what is being lost
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| Anticipatory Grief | Grieving while terminally ill still alive
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| Brittle Denial | Person represses fact they are dying and fails to assimilate implications of impending death
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| Dying Trajectory | Rate of decline in functional ability that will ulitimately result in physical death
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| Emotional Bereavement | Emotionally adapting to person's death which includes anger, anxiety, overwhelming sadness, depression and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased
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| Euthanasia | Deliberate shortening of person's life to relieve suffering
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| Hospice | Physical entity that provides support to dying and caregivers (Respite Care)
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| Intellectual Bereavement | Purification of the memory of the deceased where all negative characteristics are forgotten and only idealized memory remains
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| Passive Euthanasia | Allowing person to die by deciding to do nothing
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| Passive Suicide | Person makes decisions that will eventually result in death
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| Neglecting health, failing to take life-sustaining meds/treatments, engaging in dangerous activies, refusing to eat | Passive Suicide
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| Physical Bereavement | Physically adapting to person's death with symptoms of SOB, sighning, chest tightness, emptiness, loss of energy, lack of strength and nausea
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| Physical Death | Absence of breathing, heartbeat, reflexes
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| Respite Care | Temporary personal and nursing care to terminally ill people & their families
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| Secularization of Death | Practice of distinguishing death and pretending it doesn't exist AKA: bureacratization of death
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| Voluntary Euthanasia | Patient requests to be taken off all life-supporting systems
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| Estimation of time frame terminally ill individual has | Dying Trajectory
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| Unreceptivity and unresponsiveness, lack of movements or breathing, lack of reflexes, flat EEG | Physical Death - Harvard
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| Social Death | People no longer treated as individuals but as unthinking and unfeeling objects
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| Kubler-Ross's 5 stages of dying | Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
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| Bereavement | Process of adapting to a person's death
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| Protest Grief | Denial, disbelief, anger accompanied by numbness, weeping bodily complaints
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| Despair Grief | Disorgainization, restlessness, searching
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| Detachment Grief | Begin pulling back and survivor begins to reorganize reality of loss and direct energies to other areas of concern
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| Adjustment Grief | Final stage where grieving person can talk about deceased without severe emotional upset
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| Death as great leveler | Everyone eventually dies regardless of class, race, etc
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| Death as great validator | Confirms status of distinction individual carried while alive
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| Death as radical transformer | Belief in being reuinited with deceased and changing life or anticipating death
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| Death as ultimate solution | Seen as resolution to prolonged crisis
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| Women | See death as merciful
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| Men | See death as antagonist mind-set
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| Young | See death as far in future demanding little if any attention
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| Middle Aged | Becoming more aware of death with biological changes but don't have time to resolve fears of dying
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| Old | Come to accept the inevitable & show less anxiety
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| Dying without pain/suffering | Euthanasia - Old term
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| Curosity, hope, apathy and relief | Also part of the stages of dying
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| Decreasing physical & emotion burdens of patient and family | Goal of hospice
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| Helping patient maintain dignity during dying process | Goal of hospice
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| Minimizing trauma of death for remaining family members | Goal of hospice
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| Bereaved | Being deprived of close relation or friend through death
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| Funeral | Social event allowing community to openly show respect for the deceased & support for the survivors
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