Chapter 1 Introduction & Terminology Review
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| Structure that can be observed with the naked eye | Gross Anatomy
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| Simplest structures considered to meet the criteria of living things | Cells
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| The urethra is found in the ___ region of the abdomen | Hypogastric
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| Self-amplifying chain of physiological events | Positive Feedback
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| Studying anatomy by touch | Palpation
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| Hetero- | Different
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| Ring-shaped section of the small intestine | Sagittal section
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| The ___ region is immediately lateral to the hypogastric region | Inguinal
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| Organ system that regulates blood volume, controls acid-base balance and stimulates red blood cell production | Urinary System
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| Words that are composed of the first letter(s) of a word or series of words | Acronyms
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| (T/F) A scientific theory is just a speculation until someone finds the evidence to prove it. | F
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| (T/F) A single sagittal section of the body can pass through one lung but not through both | T
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| (T/F) Abnormal skin color or dryness could be one piece of diagnostic information gained by auscultation | F
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| (T/F) In a typical clinical research study, volunteer patients are in the treatment group and the physicians who run the study are the control group | F
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| (T/F) It would be possible to see both eyes in one frontal section of the head | T
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| (T/F) Negative feedback usually has a negative/harmful effects on the body | F
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| (T/F) The diaphragm is posterior to the lungs | F
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| (T/F) The axial region consists of the head, neck and the trunk | T
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| (T/F) The peritoneum lines the inside of the stomach and intestines | F
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| (T/F) The technique for listening to the sounds of the heart valves is auscultation | T
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| Invented many components of the compound microscope and named the cell | Robert Hooke
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| Simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissues | Organ
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| By the process of ___, a person may come to a conclusion by simply observing natural phenomenon over and over again | Induction Method
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| Cutting and separating tissues to reveal structural relationships | Dissection
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| Organs that lie within the abdominal cavity but not within the peritoneal cavity are said to have a ___ position | Retroperitoneal
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| Physiological effects of a person's mental state | Psychosomatic effects
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| Self-corrective mechanisms in physiology | Feedback loops
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| Back of the neck is called the ___ region | Nuchal
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| Membranes which line the cranial cavity | Meninges
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| The forearm is said to be ___ when the palms are facing forward | Supinated
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| The superficial layer of pleura | Parietal pleura
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| Above | Superior
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| Below | Inferior
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| Closer to the surface of the body | Superficial
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| Farther from the body surface | Deep
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| Farther from the point of attachment | Distal
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| Toward the belly/front | Ventral
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| Toward the forehead or nose | Rostral
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| Toward the median plane | Medial
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| Toward the tail/inferior end | Caudal
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| Toward the ventral side | Anterior
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| Major features of human anatomy have prescribed standard international names | Terminologia Anatomica
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| Rejected all eponyms and gave each structure unique Latin names used world-wide | Nomina Anatomica
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| Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery | Medical imaging
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| Branch of medicine concerned with imaging | Radiology
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| Study of the structure and function of individual cells | Cytology
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| Study of how different species meet the requirements of life | Comparative physiology
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| Father of medicine | Hippocrates
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| First to write about anatomy and physiology | Aristotle
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| Study of the structure of more than once species | Comparative anatomy
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| Certain habits of disciplines creativity, careful observation, logical thinking and analysis of one's observations/conclusions | Scientific method
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| Explanatory statement or set of statements derived fro facts, laws and confirmed hypotheses | Theory
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| Information that can be independently verified by any trained person | Fact
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| Generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave | Law
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| Laws of nature ___, they do not govern. | Describe
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| Structure composed of two or more tissue types | Organs
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| Single, complete individual | Organism
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| Group of organs working together with a unique, collaborative function | Organ system
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| Smallest particles with unique chemical identities | Atoms
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| Large, complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler components | Reductionism
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| Properties of individual parts do not fully describe the behavior of the whole organism | Holism
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| Sum of all internal chemical reactions | Metabolism
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| Transformation of cells with no specialized function into those with a specific purpose | Differentiation
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| Tendency of the body to balance internal conditions | Homeostasis
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| Increase in size | Growth
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| The changes in the environment in which the organism responds to | Stimuli
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| Internal state of the body | Dynamic equilibrium
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| Widening of the vessels | Vasodilation
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| Narrowing of the blood vessels | Vasoconstriction
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| Cell or organ that carries out final corrective action in a feedback mechanism | Effector
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| Terms coined from the names of people | Eponyms
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| Words composed of the first letter or letters of a word or words | Acronym
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| Palms facing posteriorly | Pronated
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| Stance in which a person stands erect with feet flat on the floor and close together, face and palms facing forward with arms at the sides | Anatomical position
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| Passes across the body or an organ perpendicular to is long axis | Transverse plane
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| Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions | Sagittal plane
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| Cuts a body or organ into perfect L and R halves | Midsagittal plane
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| Thoracic and abdominal regions | Trunk
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| Upper and lower limbs | Appendicular region
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| Limb region between one joint and the next | Segment
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| Enclosed by vertebral column | Vertebral canal
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| Enclosed by the cranium | Cranial cavity
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| Two-layered membrane encompassing the heart | Pericardium
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| Forms the surface of the heart | Visceral pericardium
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| The pericardial cavity is lubricated by... | Pericardial fluid
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| Covers the surface of the lungs... | Visceral pleura
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| Two-layered serous membrane within the abdominopelvic cavity | Peritoneum
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| Spaces between body membranes | Potential spaces
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| Established a code of ethics for physicians | Hippocrates
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| Argued that complex structures are built from a smaller variety of simple components | Aristotle
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| Physician to the Roman gladiators; at a time when it was not permitted to work with cadavers, he learned a great deal from the death and various wounds he was exposed to and published the most influential medical book of the ancient era | Claudius Galen
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| Physician to the court of the sultan; wrote 10 influential medical books and numerous treatises on specific diseases | Maimonides
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| Wrote the Canon of Medicine which was the leading authority in European medical schools for over 500 years | Avicenna
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| Revolutionized medical illustration with the comparatively realistic art in the 1500s | Andreas Vesalius
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| Studied blood circulation and published a book in 1628 | William Harvey
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| First Western scientist to realize that blood much circulate continuously and the the heart was the central organ | Michael Servetus
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| Invented the simple microscope and examined a variety of speciments | Antony van Leeuwenhoek
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| Greatly improved the compound microscope, adding a condenser and developing superior optics | Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe
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| Concluded that all living things were composed of cells; the first tenet of the Cell theory | Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
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| (T/F) Even in the early days of medicine, there were medical schools to train physicians | F
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| Neither the subject nor the person recording the results knows whether that subject is receiving the experimental treatment of placebo | Double-Blind Method
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| Means that if we claim something is scientifically true, we must be able to specify what evidence it would take to prove it wrong | Falsifiability
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| Animal species or train selected for research on a particular problem | Model
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| Highly flexible thumbs; can cross palm to touch finger tips | Opposable
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| Adaptation provided better hand-eye coordination in catching and manipulating prey | Stereoscopic vision
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| principal theory of how evolution works | Natural selection
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| Features of an organisms anatomy, physiology and behavior that have evolved in response to selection pressures | Adaptations
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| Change in genetic composition of a population of organisms | Evolution
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| Father of evolution | Charles Darwin
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| Walking upright on two legs | Bipedalism
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