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A&P Ch. 1
Chapter 1 Introduction & Terminology Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structure that can be observed with the naked eye | Gross Anatomy |
| Simplest structures considered to meet the criteria of living things | Cells |
| The urethra is found in the ___ region of the abdomen | Hypogastric |
| Self-amplifying chain of physiological events | Positive Feedback |
| Studying anatomy by touch | Palpation |
| Hetero- | Different |
| Ring-shaped section of the small intestine | Sagittal section |
| The ___ region is immediately lateral to the hypogastric region | Inguinal |
| Organ system that regulates blood volume, controls acid-base balance and stimulates red blood cell production | Urinary System |
| Words that are composed of the first letter(s) of a word or series of words | Acronyms |
| (T/F) A scientific theory is just a speculation until someone finds the evidence to prove it. | F |
| (T/F) A single sagittal section of the body can pass through one lung but not through both | T |
| (T/F) Abnormal skin color or dryness could be one piece of diagnostic information gained by auscultation | F |
| (T/F) In a typical clinical research study, volunteer patients are in the treatment group and the physicians who run the study are the control group | F |
| (T/F) It would be possible to see both eyes in one frontal section of the head | T |
| (T/F) Negative feedback usually has a negative/harmful effects on the body | F |
| (T/F) The diaphragm is posterior to the lungs | F |
| (T/F) The axial region consists of the head, neck and the trunk | T |
| (T/F) The peritoneum lines the inside of the stomach and intestines | F |
| (T/F) The technique for listening to the sounds of the heart valves is auscultation | T |
| Invented many components of the compound microscope and named the cell | Robert Hooke |
| Simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissues | Organ |
| By the process of ___, a person may come to a conclusion by simply observing natural phenomenon over and over again | Induction Method |
| Cutting and separating tissues to reveal structural relationships | Dissection |
| Organs that lie within the abdominal cavity but not within the peritoneal cavity are said to have a ___ position | Retroperitoneal |
| Physiological effects of a person's mental state | Psychosomatic effects |
| Self-corrective mechanisms in physiology | Feedback loops |
| Back of the neck is called the ___ region | Nuchal |
| Membranes which line the cranial cavity | Meninges |
| The forearm is said to be ___ when the palms are facing forward | Supinated |
| The superficial layer of pleura | Parietal pleura |
| Above | Superior |
| Below | Inferior |
| Closer to the surface of the body | Superficial |
| Farther from the body surface | Deep |
| Farther from the point of attachment | Distal |
| Toward the belly/front | Ventral |
| Toward the forehead or nose | Rostral |
| Toward the median plane | Medial |
| Toward the tail/inferior end | Caudal |
| Toward the ventral side | Anterior |
| Major features of human anatomy have prescribed standard international names | Terminologia Anatomica |
| Rejected all eponyms and gave each structure unique Latin names used world-wide | Nomina Anatomica |
| Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery | Medical imaging |
| Branch of medicine concerned with imaging | Radiology |
| Study of the structure and function of individual cells | Cytology |
| Study of how different species meet the requirements of life | Comparative physiology |
| Father of medicine | Hippocrates |
| First to write about anatomy and physiology | Aristotle |
| Study of the structure of more than once species | Comparative anatomy |
| Certain habits of disciplines creativity, careful observation, logical thinking and analysis of one's observations/conclusions | Scientific method |
| Explanatory statement or set of statements derived fro facts, laws and confirmed hypotheses | Theory |
| Information that can be independently verified by any trained person | Fact |
| Generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave | Law |
| Laws of nature ___, they do not govern. | Describe |
| Structure composed of two or more tissue types | Organs |
| Single, complete individual | Organism |
| Group of organs working together with a unique, collaborative function | Organ system |
| Smallest particles with unique chemical identities | Atoms |
| Large, complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler components | Reductionism |
| Properties of individual parts do not fully describe the behavior of the whole organism | Holism |
| Sum of all internal chemical reactions | Metabolism |
| Transformation of cells with no specialized function into those with a specific purpose | Differentiation |
| Tendency of the body to balance internal conditions | Homeostasis |
| Increase in size | Growth |
| The changes in the environment in which the organism responds to | Stimuli |
| Internal state of the body | Dynamic equilibrium |
| Widening of the vessels | Vasodilation |
| Narrowing of the blood vessels | Vasoconstriction |
| Cell or organ that carries out final corrective action in a feedback mechanism | Effector |
| Terms coined from the names of people | Eponyms |
| Words composed of the first letter or letters of a word or words | Acronym |
| Palms facing posteriorly | Pronated |
| Stance in which a person stands erect with feet flat on the floor and close together, face and palms facing forward with arms at the sides | Anatomical position |
| Passes across the body or an organ perpendicular to is long axis | Transverse plane |
| Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions | Sagittal plane |
| Cuts a body or organ into perfect L and R halves | Midsagittal plane |
| Thoracic and abdominal regions | Trunk |
| Upper and lower limbs | Appendicular region |
| Limb region between one joint and the next | Segment |
| Enclosed by vertebral column | Vertebral canal |
| Enclosed by the cranium | Cranial cavity |
| Two-layered membrane encompassing the heart | Pericardium |
| Forms the surface of the heart | Visceral pericardium |
| The pericardial cavity is lubricated by... | Pericardial fluid |
| Covers the surface of the lungs... | Visceral pleura |
| Two-layered serous membrane within the abdominopelvic cavity | Peritoneum |
| Spaces between body membranes | Potential spaces |
| Established a code of ethics for physicians | Hippocrates |
| Argued that complex structures are built from a smaller variety of simple components | Aristotle |
| Physician to the Roman gladiators; at a time when it was not permitted to work with cadavers, he learned a great deal from the death and various wounds he was exposed to and published the most influential medical book of the ancient era | Claudius Galen |
| Physician to the court of the sultan; wrote 10 influential medical books and numerous treatises on specific diseases | Maimonides |
| Wrote the Canon of Medicine which was the leading authority in European medical schools for over 500 years | Avicenna |
| Revolutionized medical illustration with the comparatively realistic art in the 1500s | Andreas Vesalius |
| Studied blood circulation and published a book in 1628 | William Harvey |
| First Western scientist to realize that blood much circulate continuously and the the heart was the central organ | Michael Servetus |
| Invented the simple microscope and examined a variety of speciments | Antony van Leeuwenhoek |
| Greatly improved the compound microscope, adding a condenser and developing superior optics | Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe |
| Concluded that all living things were composed of cells; the first tenet of the Cell theory | Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann |
| (T/F) Even in the early days of medicine, there were medical schools to train physicians | F |
| Neither the subject nor the person recording the results knows whether that subject is receiving the experimental treatment of placebo | Double-Blind Method |
| Means that if we claim something is scientifically true, we must be able to specify what evidence it would take to prove it wrong | Falsifiability |
| Animal species or train selected for research on a particular problem | Model |
| Highly flexible thumbs; can cross palm to touch finger tips | Opposable |
| Adaptation provided better hand-eye coordination in catching and manipulating prey | Stereoscopic vision |
| principal theory of how evolution works | Natural selection |
| Features of an organisms anatomy, physiology and behavior that have evolved in response to selection pressures | Adaptations |
| Change in genetic composition of a population of organisms | Evolution |
| Father of evolution | Charles Darwin |
| Walking upright on two legs | Bipedalism |
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