SCC micro wk.1
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| Name the five different types of immunoglobulins. | IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE
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| Define zoonoses. | Animal-to-human transmission of disease. Ie: rabies.
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| Term used to describe antibody mediated immunity. | Humoral immunity
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| Term used to describe an infected host, showing no signs of clinical symptoms, who is/may be an unknown source of disease in a population | Asymptomatic carrier
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| There are two parts to adaptive immunity. What are they? | humoral immunity and cellular immunity
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| How is it that microorganisms have a survival advantage within a host? | Because they are able to adapt to new environments and multiply rapidly.
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| Define colonization. | Define colonization.
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| Term used to describe a disease causing organism. | Pathogen
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| What does the term "host" define? | What does the term "host" define?
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| This type of immunity involves specific immune responses. | Adaptive or specific immunity
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| Type of immunity that involves activated T lymphocytes (T cells), and chemical substances being sent throughout the body that allows cells to communicate and elicit an immune response. | cellular immunity
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| What is the name of the chemical substance produced by an organism that can induce infection/disease? | toxin
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| Term used to describe a host-microorganism relationship in which the organism benefits at the exspense of the host. | Parasitism
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| Innate resistance. Is it specific or nonspecific? | Nonspecific
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| What three things must take place in order for adaptive resistance to function? | immune system recognition, immune system activation, and immune system response
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| Term used to describe the successful persistence or multiplication of a pathogen on or within a host. | Infection
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| Adaptive immunity. Is it specific or nonspecific? | Specific
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| Define symbiotic relationship. | Define symbiotic relationship.
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| The amount of damage an organism can impose on or in a host depends on what three things? | virulence of organism, immune status of host, and tissue infected
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| What types of cells are involved in humoral immunity? | B lymphocytes (B cells), plasma cells, and antibodies/immunoglobulins
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| Name the two general types of toxins. | exotoxins and endotoxins
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| Term used to describe the mechansims by which an organism can cause disease. | Pathogenicity
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| Why are microorganisms capable of establishing themselves within a host? | Because they have the ability to avoid host defenses.
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| Toxic substance contained within the cell walls of organisms that are only released after cell death, when the membrane of the organism breaks down. | endotoxin
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| Define Exotoxin | Toxic proteins secreted by an organism or released during cell lysis.
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| Define compromised | weakened
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| What three processes must occur in order for microorganisms to cause disease? | entry, adhesion, and invasion
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| Term used to describe an infection that causes damage in the host. | disease
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| This type of immune defense is genetically determined and do not improve with repeated exposure to an infectious agent. | innate or nonspecific immunity
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| Microorganisms are capable of three levels of host-organism interaction. What are they? | colonization, infection, and disease
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| Term used to describe host-microorganism relationship in which both host-organism benefit. | Mutualism
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| Define virulence. | The term used to define the degree of pathogenicity of an organism.
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| Another name for antibody? | immunoglobulin
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| Term used to describe a host-microorganism relationship in which no harm is done to the host. | Commensalism
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