Medical Terminology Respiratory System WGU
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| ABG | arterial blood gasses
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| adenocarcinoma | malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
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| adenoidectomy | surgical removal of the adenoids
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| adenoids | pharyngeal tonsils, help protect against pathogens
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| alveoli | tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood, thin-walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
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| aphonia | loss of ability to produce sounds
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| apnea | difficult or painful breathing, transient cessation of respiration
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| ARF | acute respiratory failure
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| asthma | respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing
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| atelectasis | collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants)
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| auscultation and percussion | listening and tapping
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| bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing
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| bronchi | The passages that branch from the trachea and direct air into the lungs
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| bronchioectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanies by a secondary infection that usu involves the lower part of the lung
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| bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi
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| bronchiolitis | inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles, (caused by RSV) Infection and inflammation of the smaller airways or bronchioles, results in wheezing from partial obstruction. Common in 6 mo - 2 years of age. Germs will survive longer than 6 hours o
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| bronchitis | inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
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| bronchoplasty | surgical repair of a bronchus
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| bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
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| bronchospasm | a spasm of the bronchi that makes exhalation difficult and noisy
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| cannula | small tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel
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| carina | where the trachea bifurcates
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| Cheyne-stokes respiration | deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea
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| cilia | continually move in wavelike motion to push mucus and debris out of the respiratory tract
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| clubbing | abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| coryza | common cold
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| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure
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| croup | acute viral infection of early childhood, marked by stridor, laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial spasms
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| CTA | clear to auscultation
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| CWP | coal workers' pneumoconiosis
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| CXR | chest x-ray
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| cyanosis | Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen
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| deviated septum | deflection of the septum that may obstruct nasal passages
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| diaphragm | muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes to move gases in and out of the body
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| diphtheria | acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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| dysphonia | difficulty to make sounds
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| dyspnea | difficult or painful breathing
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| emphysema | disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticity, making breathing very difficult
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| endotracheal intubation | tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway
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| epiglottis | flap of cartilage at the opening to the larynx that closes access to the trachea during swallowing
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| epiglottitis | inflammation of the epiglottis
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| eupnea | normal breathing
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| expire | to breathe out
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| external respiration | the process of exchanging O2 and CO2 between the external environment and the lungs.
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| FEB | forced expirational volume
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| flail chest | instability of the chest wall resulting from multiple rib fractures.
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| FRC | forced residual capacity
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| friction sounds | sounds made by dry surfaces rubbing together
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| FVC | forced vital capacity
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| hemoptysis | coughing up blood
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| hemothorax | accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest)
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| HHN | hand held nebulizer
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| hypercapnia | excessive CO2 in the blood
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| hyperpnea | extremely deep breathing
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| hyperventilation | abnormally increased breathing
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| hypopnea | extremely shallow breathing
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| hypoxemia | deficient O2 in the blood
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| hypoxia | deficient O2 in the tissues
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| IC | Inspiratory capacity
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| influenza | viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue.
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| inspire | to breathe in
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| intercostal muscles | Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
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| internal respiration | the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
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| large cell carcinoma | NSCLC originating in the lining of the smaller bronchi.
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| laryngectomy | surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)
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| laryngitis | inflammation of the voice box
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| laryngopharynx | the part of the throat near the voice box
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| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the voice box, visual inspection of the larynx with the aid of a laryngoscope
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| larynx | voice box
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| LLL | left lower lobe
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| lobes | subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and three on the right
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| LUL | left upper lobe
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| lung perfusion scan | Nuclear medicine test that produces an image of blood flow to the lungs; used to detect pulmonary embolism
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| lung ventilation scan | Test using Radiopharmaceuticals to produce a picture of how air is distributed in the lungs; measures the ability of the lung to take in air.
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| lung | either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates
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| mantoux skin test | a more accurate skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis
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| MDI | metered dose inhaler
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| mediastinoscopy | endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
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| mediastinum | the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus
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| mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura; associated with asbestos exposure
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| mucous gland adenoma | A benign tumor of the mucous glands of the respiratory system.
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| nares | nostrils
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| nasal septum | wall that separates the nares
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| nasopharynx | the part of the throat behind the nasal cavity
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| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer
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| olfactation | the sense of smell
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| oropharynx | the part of the throat posterior to the oral cavity
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| orthopnea | difficult breathing unless in an upright position
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| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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| palatine tonsils | lymphatic tissue near the oropharynx
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| papilloma | a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
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| paranasal sinuses | warm and filter the air and aid in the production of sound
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| parietal pleura | pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
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| peak flow meter | a handheld device often used to test those with asthma to measure how quickly the patient can expel air
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| pertussis | whooping cough
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx; also known as a sore throat.
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| pharynx | throat
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| pleura | the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest, the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest
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| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura of the lungs (especially the parietal layer)
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| pleurodynia | pain in the chest caused by the inflammation of the intercostal muscles
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| pneumoconiosis | chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
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| pneumonia | respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants, inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resul
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| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
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| polyps | Tumors that grow on stem, resembling mushrooms. Polyps bleed easily, and some have the tendency to become malignant
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| PPB | positive pressure breathing
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| PPD | purified protein derivative
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| pulmonary abscess | a large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
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| pulmonary edema | fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli
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| pulmonary hamartoma | benign pulmonary congenital tissue - fibromyxiod material
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| pulmonary resection | excision of portion of lobe of lung or entire lung
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| pulmonology | diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders of the repiratory tract
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| pulse oximetry | a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
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| pyothorax | empyema
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| pyrexia | fever
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| QFT | quantiferon-TB gold test
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| RAD | reactive airway disease
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| rales | crackles, continuous bubbling noises
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| rebreathing mask | has a soft plastic reservoir bag attached at the end that saves one-third of a person's exhaled air, while the rest of the air gets out via side ports covered with a one-way valve. This allows the person to "rebreathe" some of the carbon dioxide, which ac
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| rhinitis | an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose (usually associated with nasal discharge)
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| rhinomycosis | abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
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| rhinoplasty | cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose
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| rhinorrhea | nasal discharge
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| rhinosalpingitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eustachian tubes.
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| rhonchi | abnormal sound caused by airways blocked by secretions or muscle contractions
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| RLL | right lower lobe
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| RML | right middle lobe
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| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus
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| RUL | right upper lobe
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| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome
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| SCLC | small cell lung cancer
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| septoplasty | surgical repair of the nasal septum
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| singultus | hiccup
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| sinusitis | inflammation of one of the paranasal sinuses
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| sinusotomy | incision of a sinus
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| spirometry | measurement of breathing capacity
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| sputum | mucus coughed up from lungs
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| squamous cell carcinoma | Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.
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| stethoscope | a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body
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| stridor | high pitched inspiratory sound from larynx, sign of upper airway obstruction
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| surfactant | An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together, thus reducing the effort required
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| sweat test | Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat
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| tachypnea | rapid, shallow breathing
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
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| thoracodynia | chest pain
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| thoracoscopy | visual examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs
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| thoracotomy | incision into the chest
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| TLC | total lung capacity
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| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of the palatine tonsils
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| trachea | windpipe
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| tracheomalacia | softening of tracheal tissue
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| tracheostomy | creation of an opening in the trachea, most often to insert a tube
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| tracheotomy | a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air
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| tuberculosis | infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
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| TV | tidal volume
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| tympany | low pitched resonant sound from chest
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| URI | upper respirator infection
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| ventilator | a device that facilitates breathing in cases of respiratory failure
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| venturi mask | A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.
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| visceral pleura | pleura that covers the lungs
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| vocal cords | vibrate to produce speech
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| wheezing | whistling sound made during breathing
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