Bacterial Physiology
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| Why do we care about the physiology of bacteria? | Because we naturally have bacteria on us
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| What are these bacteria called? What does this mean? | Normal flora; means that there are ten times more bacteria than cells in our body
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| Why do some people smell? | Due to bacteria on them
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| Why are magic bullets? How do we know how to attack a specific site? | Target sites to kill bacteria in our body; we know to attack a site based on physiology
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| What are autotrophs? | Make energy themselves
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| What are photoautotrophs? | Make energy from light
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| What are chemoauthorophs? | They get energy from innorganic stuff in environment
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| What are hetaroautotrophs? | Make energy from phosphate bond breakage; they need other organisms
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| What is the main source of energy in the cell? | ATP
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| What do body reactions depend on? | Enzymes
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| What is an apoenzyme? | Needs co-factor to work
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| Hotoenzyme? | Structure is able to bind to enzyme and is never used up
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| What is the most common type of enzyme? | proteins
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| Why do proteins denature sometimes? | Increase in temp associated with fever
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| What is the role of a catalyst in the cell? | Decrease Eact
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| What are generally used as co-enzymes and co-factors? | Vitamins
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| What is the control of enzyme activity responsible for? | Figuring out if homeostasis is reached
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| What is allosteric modulation? | Bind somewhere other than the active site to change shape..etc.
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| What can affect enzyme action? | Temp, pH, substrate concentration
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| What is oxidation? | Loss of electrons
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| What is reduction? | Gain of electrons
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| What is the main electron carrier of the cell? | NADH
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| Pathways of bacterial physiology | Pathways of bacterial physiology
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| What are catabolic pathways? | When you degrade something to release energy
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| What's another word for the glycolysis pathway? | Embden-myerhof
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| When would we prefer glycolysis to another sort of fuel molecule breakdown? | When we need energy NOW
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| What is the general input of aerobic glycolysis? What molecule does this produce? | Making NADH, 2 pyruvic acids, through oxidation and 2 ATPs
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| What is the process of glycolysis called if it runs under anaerboic conditions? | Fermentation
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| How many types of fermentation are out there? | Some...
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| Why do we do fermentation? | To get NAD+ so they can go through glycolysis to get 2 ATP
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| What are the possible products of fermentation? | Ethanol (w/ or w/o CO2), CO2, or Lactic acid (NOTE: NO CO2)
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| What are another two types of catabolic pathways? | Pentose phosphate, and douderhoff-entner
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| Is the krebs cycle aerobic or anaerobic? | Aerobic!! It must have air
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| Why does the krebs cycle need air? | To undergo oxydative phosphorylation and cellular respiration
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| What are the exceptions to the demand of the Krebs cycle of oxygen called? | Denitrifications
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| What are some alternative electron acceptors? | Nitrate (sulfate)
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| What is the process of the ETc? | Electrons pass from one molecule to another to make membrane proteins which pump protons to the outsideof the cell w/ ATP synthase to make 34 ATPs
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| What does the ETC lead to in regards to the proton concenrtation in and out of the cell? | High protons on the outside, low on the inside
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| What is an anabolic process? | Uses energy to build something up
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| What are some things that go through catabolism? | Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
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| What is REQUIRED to complete the biosynthesis? | ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATP!!!
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