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MICRO-LECT 4
Bacterial Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do we care about the physiology of bacteria? | Because we naturally have bacteria on us |
| What are these bacteria called? What does this mean? | Normal flora; means that there are ten times more bacteria than cells in our body |
| Why do some people smell? | Due to bacteria on them |
| Why are magic bullets? How do we know how to attack a specific site? | Target sites to kill bacteria in our body; we know to attack a site based on physiology |
| What are autotrophs? | Make energy themselves |
| What are photoautotrophs? | Make energy from light |
| What are chemoauthorophs? | They get energy from innorganic stuff in environment |
| What are hetaroautotrophs? | Make energy from phosphate bond breakage; they need other organisms |
| What is the main source of energy in the cell? | ATP |
| What do body reactions depend on? | Enzymes |
| What is an apoenzyme? | Needs co-factor to work |
| Hotoenzyme? | Structure is able to bind to enzyme and is never used up |
| What is the most common type of enzyme? | proteins |
| Why do proteins denature sometimes? | Increase in temp associated with fever |
| What is the role of a catalyst in the cell? | Decrease Eact |
| What are generally used as co-enzymes and co-factors? | Vitamins |
| What is the control of enzyme activity responsible for? | Figuring out if homeostasis is reached |
| What is allosteric modulation? | Bind somewhere other than the active site to change shape..etc. |
| What can affect enzyme action? | Temp, pH, substrate concentration |
| What is oxidation? | Loss of electrons |
| What is reduction? | Gain of electrons |
| What is the main electron carrier of the cell? | NADH |
| Pathways of bacterial physiology | Pathways of bacterial physiology |
| What are catabolic pathways? | When you degrade something to release energy |
| What's another word for the glycolysis pathway? | Embden-myerhof |
| When would we prefer glycolysis to another sort of fuel molecule breakdown? | When we need energy NOW |
| What is the general input of aerobic glycolysis? What molecule does this produce? | Making NADH, 2 pyruvic acids, through oxidation and 2 ATPs |
| What is the process of glycolysis called if it runs under anaerboic conditions? | Fermentation |
| How many types of fermentation are out there? | Some... |
| Why do we do fermentation? | To get NAD+ so they can go through glycolysis to get 2 ATP |
| What are the possible products of fermentation? | Ethanol (w/ or w/o CO2), CO2, or Lactic acid (NOTE: NO CO2) |
| What are another two types of catabolic pathways? | Pentose phosphate, and douderhoff-entner |
| Is the krebs cycle aerobic or anaerobic? | Aerobic!! It must have air |
| Why does the krebs cycle need air? | To undergo oxydative phosphorylation and cellular respiration |
| What are the exceptions to the demand of the Krebs cycle of oxygen called? | Denitrifications |
| What are some alternative electron acceptors? | Nitrate (sulfate) |
| What is the process of the ETc? | Electrons pass from one molecule to another to make membrane proteins which pump protons to the outsideof the cell w/ ATP synthase to make 34 ATPs |
| What does the ETC lead to in regards to the proton concenrtation in and out of the cell? | High protons on the outside, low on the inside |
| What is an anabolic process? | Uses energy to build something up |
| What are some things that go through catabolism? | Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| What is REQUIRED to complete the biosynthesis? | ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATP!!! |
Created by:
talkglitter2486