6 Review Questions B
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| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is | osteoporosis
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| A major difference between bone tissue and other connective tissues lies in | The composition of the intercellular substance of bone
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| the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true | All bone in the body is covered by periosteum
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| the following factors is NOT believed to affect bone growth | Increased intake of protein
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| During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in | connective tissue membranes
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| Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone | calcitonin
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| Endochondral and intramembranous are terms that are used to describe | the development of bone
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| Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of | a cartilage model.
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| the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system | Hormone production
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| increasing the proportion of organic molecules to inorganic components in the bony matrix affect the physical characteristics of bone | The bones would be more flexible.
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| Long bones differ from flat bones in that long bones | have epiphyses
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| The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of | yellow marrow
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| The cells that maintain mature compact bone are | osteocytes.
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| The lacunae of bone contain | osteocytes
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| The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to | endochondral ossification
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| The two types of osseous tissue are | compact bone and spongy bone.
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| When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones | grow longer
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| When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone | long bones have reached their adult length
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| Intramembranous ossification | begins within a connective tissue membrane
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| A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the | diaphysis.
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| Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as | interstitial growth.
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| Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through | canaliculi.
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| Spongy bone contains all of the following except | true osteons.
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| The bones in the long axis of the body make up the | axial skeleton.
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| the following is a canal-like passageway | meatus
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| the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness | It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it.
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| the following structures is made of elastic cartilage | the epiglottis
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| The menisci of the knee are made of | fibrocartilage.
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| the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage | Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage.
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| bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull. | Sesamoid
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| All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones except | vitamin D.
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| A narrow slit-like opening in a bone is referred to as a | spine
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| the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone | perforating
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| the following is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult | the sternum
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| Bone forming cells originate from | osteoprogenitor cells.
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| A Haversian system is the functional unit of | lamellar bone.
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| The twisting of a long bone is prevented by | circumferential lamella
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| It is currently thought that sacrificial bonds between_______ provide resilience to bone tissue. | collagen molecules
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| Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of | calcium and phosphates
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| 65% of bone mass is composed of | hydroxyapatites.
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| In the human embryo, before eight weeks the skeleton is composed of | fibrous membrane
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| type of bone only has primary ossification centers | short bones
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| In month three of endochondral ossification, the first structure to be formed is a collection of elements known as the ____________ that invades the bone cavities present at this time. | periosteal bud
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| Every week we recycle _____ of our bone mass. | 5%
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| the following statements about osteoclasts is incorrect | Osteoclasts only reabsorb old bone matrix.
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| the following hormones' primary function is to regulate bone density | leptin
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| If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what is the most likely disease to develop in the nursing infant?\\ | ricket
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| the following fractures would be the most likely not to heal | a comminuted fracture
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| alendronate help treat osteoporosis | It suppresses osteoclast activity.
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| All bones of the skeleton below the base of the skull are developed by endochondral ossification except the | clavicle
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| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is osteomyelitis. | False
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| Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength | True
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| Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a calcified model. | False
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| Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism. | True
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| Mature bone cells are called chondrocytes | False
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| Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblast activity. | False
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| Scapulae are formed by intramembranous ossification | False
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| Secondary ossification centers occur in the center of the diaphysis. | False
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| The central canal of an osteon contains osteocytes. | False
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| The hormone calcitonin functions to decrease the calcium ion in the blood. | True
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| The most abundant mineral in the human body is calcium. | True
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| The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that long bone growth is still in process. | False
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| The shaft of the long bone is called the diaphysis. | True
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| The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from a limited range of directions is compact bone. | True
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| Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of the organic framework of bone. | False
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| Osseous tissue is avascular. | False
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| Appositional growth in a skeletal cartilage will increase its overall length. | False
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| A metacarpal is an example of a long bone | True
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| An increase in parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become porous and brittle. | True
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| Increasing the percentage of collagen in a bone would make it become more rigid. | False
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