Female reproductive system
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| Adnexa uteri | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
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| Amenorrhea | Absence of menses for 6 months or for longer than 3 three of the patient's normal menstrual cycle
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| Amniocentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion
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| Amnion | Inner most membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
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| Amniotic fluid | Fluid that is contained within the amniotic sac
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| Anovulatory | Ovulation does not occur; ovum is not released from ovary
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| Areola | Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
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| Bartholin glands | Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice(opening to outside of the body)
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| Cephalic version | The fetus turns so that the head is the body part closest to the cervix( it can occur spontaneously or by a physician
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| Cervix | Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
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| Chorion | Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
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| Chorionic | Pertaining to the chorion
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| Clitoris | Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
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| Coitus | Sexual intercourse; copulation
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| Colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina
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| Corpus Luteum | Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after the release of the egg cell
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| Cul-de-sac | Region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
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| Culdocentesis | Surgical puncture of the cul-de-sac
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| Dysmenorrhea | Pain during menstration
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| Dyspareunia | Painful sexual intercourse
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| Dystocia | Difficult labor or birth
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| Embryo | Stage in prenatal development from 2-8 weeks
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| Endocervicitis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix
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| Endometritis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus
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| Endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
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| Episiotomy | Incision of the vulva (the perineum)
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| Estrogen | Hormone produced by the ovaries
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| Fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
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| Fertilization | Union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
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| Fetal presentation | Manner in which the fetus appears to the examiner during delivery
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| Fetus | Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks
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| Fimbriae | Finger-or finger like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
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| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
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| Galactorrhea | Discharge of milk (abnormal amount)
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| Gamete | Male or female sexual reproductive cell: sperm cell or ovum
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| Genitalia | Reproductive organs; also called genitals
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| Gestation | Period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
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| Gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary and testis
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| Gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
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| Gynecomastia | Condition of female breasts (enlarged) in a male
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| Human Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
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| Hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
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| Hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus
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| Hysteroscopy | Visual examination of the uterus (endoscopic)
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| Intrauterine (IUD) | Device inserted into uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg
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| Involution | The uterus returns to its normal nonpregnant size
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| Labia | Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips
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| Lactation | Secretion of milk
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| Lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk within the breast
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| Leukorrhea | Discharge of white vaginal secretion, which is normal or a sign of infection if it becomes yellow
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| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | Hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
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| Mammary | Pertaining to the breast
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| Mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection
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| Mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast
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| Mastectomy | Removal of a breast
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| Mastitis | Inflammation of a breast
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| Menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
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| Menometrorrhagia | Excessive uterine bleeding at and between menstrual periods
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| Menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation
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| Menorrhea | Menstrual discharge
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| Menorrhagia | Excessive discharge of blood during menstration
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| Menstruation | Monthly shedding of the uterine lining
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| Metrorrhagia | Excessive discharge of blood from the uterus between menstrual periods
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| Multigravida | A woman who has been pregnant more than once
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| Multipara | A woman who has had many births
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| Myomectomy | Removal of a muscle tumor (fibroid)
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| Myometrium | Muscle layer lining the uterus
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| Neonatal | Pertaining to newborn
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| Neonatology | Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate)
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| Nullipara | A woman who has not had any vaginal births
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| Obstetrics | Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
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| Oligomenorrhea | Infrequent menstrual periods or scanty menses
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| Oocyte | Immature ovum
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| Oogenesis | The formation of an ovum
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| Oophorectomy | Removal of an ovary
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| Oophoritis | Inflammation of an ovary
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| Orifice | An opening
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| Ovarian | Pertaining to an ovary
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| Ovarian follicle | Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary
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| Ovary | One of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis that produce egg cells and hormones
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| Ovulation | Release of an ovum from the ovary
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| Ovum; ova | Mature egg cell (female gamete)
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| Oxytocia | Rapid labor and delivery
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| Oxytocin | A hormone which stimluate the pregnant uterus to contract (labor begins)
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| Parturition | Act of giving birth
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| Perineorrhaphy | Suture of the perineum
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| Perineum | In females, the area between the anus and the vagina
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| Pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
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| Placenta | Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams
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| Pregancy | Condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks
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| Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth
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| Primagravida | A woman during her first pregnancy
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| Primapara | Woman who has had or who is giving birth to her first child
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| Primaparous | An adjective describing a woman who has givin birth to at least one child
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| Progesterone | Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of a pregnant woman
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| Psuedocyesis | False pregnancy
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| Puberty | Point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
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| Pyosalpinx | Pus in the fallopian tube
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| Retroversion | The uterus is abnormally tilted backward
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| Salpingectomy | Removal of fallopian tube
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| Salpingitis | Inflammation of the fallopian tube
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| Uterine sorosa | Outermost layer surrounding the uterus
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| Uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs
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| Vagina | Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
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| Vaginal orifice | Pertaining to the opening of the vagina
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| Vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina
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| Vulva | External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice
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| Vulvovaginitis | Inflammation of the vulva and vagina
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| Zygote | Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
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| Abortion | Spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own
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| Abruptio plancentae | Premature separation of the implanted placenta
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| Apgar score | A system of scoring an infant's physical condition 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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| Aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
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| Carcinoma in situ | Localized form of cancer in cervix
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| Carcinoma of the breast | Malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
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| Carcinoma of the cervix | Malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
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| Carcinoma of the endometrium | Malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
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| Cauterization | Destruction of tissue by burning
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| Cervical dysplasia | Abnormal cell growth within the cervix
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| Cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix
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| Cesarean section | Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
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| Choriocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of the placenta
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| Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | Sampling of placental tissue (chorionic villi) for prenatal diganosis
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| Colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
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| Conization | Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix
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| Cryocauterization | Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue
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| Culdocentesis | Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-ace
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| Cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant tumor cells in ovary
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| Cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant cysts within the ovary that are lined with atypical cells
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| Dermoid cysts | An ovarian cyst lined with a variety of cell types, including skin, hair,teeth, and cartilage, and arise from immature cells in the ovary
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| Dilatation | Widening of the cervix done by inserting a series of probes into the uterus
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| Dilation and curettage (D&C) | Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus
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| Eptopic pregnancy | Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
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| Endometriosis | Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
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| Erythroblastosis fetalis | Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatability between the mother and the fetus
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| Exenteration | Removal of internal organs within a cavity
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| Fetal monitoring | Continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor
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| Fibrocystic diease | Numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast
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| Fibroids | Benign tumors in the uterus
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| Hyaline membrane disease | Acute lung disease commonly seen the the premature newborn
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| Hydrocephalus | Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
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| Hysterosalpingography | X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
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| In vitro fertilization (IVF) | Egg and sperm are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
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| Laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope (laparoscopy)
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| Leiomyomas | Another word for fibroids which means benign tumors in the uterus
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| lumen | Opening
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| Mammography | X-ray imaging of the breast
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| Meconium aspiration syndrome | Abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn
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| Multiple gestation | More than one fetus inside the uterus
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| Ovarian carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
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| Ovarian cysts | Collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
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| Palpation | Examining by touch
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| Pap test | Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix
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| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region
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| Pelvic ultrasonography | Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
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| Pelvimetry | Measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis
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| Placenta previa | Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
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| Preeclampsia | abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
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| Pyloric stenosis | Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
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| Respiratory distress syndrome | Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn...also called hyaline membrane disease
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| Tubal ligation | Blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring
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