Chapter 11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| central nervous system(CNS) | includes the brain and spinal cord and is covered by the bones of the skull and vertebral column
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| peripheral nervous system(PNS) | involves the cranial and spinal nerves
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| autonomic nervous system(ANS) | supplies nerves to all of the internal organs and is responsible for controlling the involuntary responses such as heart rate or blood flow
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| neurology | study of the nervous system and its disorders
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| neurologist | physician involved in the care of the nervous system disorders and diseases
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| thromb/o | clot
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| cephal/o | head
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| quadr/i | four
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| rhiz/o | root
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum
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| cerebr/o | cerebellum
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| dendr/o | branching
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| cyt/o | cell
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| narc/o | sleep
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| encephal/o | brain
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| gli/o | neuroglia, nerve cell
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| mening/o | meninges
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| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow
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| neur/o | nerve
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| olig/o | few, diminished
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| thec/o | sheath
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| ventricul/o | ventricle
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| medull/o | medulla oblongata
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| neur/i | nerve tissue
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| dipl/o | double
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| caus/o | burn
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| hemi | half
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| epi | above, over
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| para | around or abnormal
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| poly | many
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| sub | beneath, below
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| dura | hard
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| echo | sound
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| a | without
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| an | without
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| brady | slow
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| dys | difficult
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| hyper | excessive
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| algia | pain
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| ia | condition
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| oma | tumor
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| algesia | sensitivity to pain
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| praxia | activity
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| al | pertaining to
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| opia | vision
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| lexia | reading
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| paresis | partial paralysis
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| plegia | paralysis
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| logist | one who specializes in the study of
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| logy | the study of
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| osis | condition, process
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| tomy | process of cutting
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| phasia | speech
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| asthenia | without feeling or sensation
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| neuron | receives and transmits the nerve impulses
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| afferent neurons | carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord
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| connecting neurons | carry impulses from one neuron to another
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| efferent neurons | carry impulses away from the brain
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| dendrites | short branches of a cell body of a neuron that receive and conduct impulses to the cell body
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| axon | the extensions of a cell body that sends impulses away from the nerve cell
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| myelin - myelin sheath | white fatty covering on the axon
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| synapse | small space found between the neurons
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| neuroglia | supportive cells of the nervous system and they do not conduct impulses throughout the body
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| nerves | bundles of fibers that connect the body organs with the central nervous system
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| cerebral spinal fluid(CSF) | clear colorless fluid which flows throughout the brain and spinal cord to cushion the organs from injury
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| meninges | three protective membrane layers that enclose the brain and spinal cord
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| dura mater | outer most layer of membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord
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| arachnoid | the middle layer of membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord
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| pia mater | protective membrane layer nearest the brain and spinal cord
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| brain | one of the largest organs in the body, it is contained within the skull, part of the central nervous system
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| cerebrum | largest part of the brain; controls sensory activities such as memory, consciousness, emotions, judgement, and voluntary movement; has four lobes
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| frontal lobe | one of the lobes of the cerebrum; influences motor function
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| parietal lobe | lobe of the brain responsible for sensation
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| occipital lobe | lobe of the brain responsible for vision
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| temporal lobe | lobe of the brain that controls hearing and smell
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| cerebellum | second largest section of the brain which connects to the brainstem; functions to maintain muscle tone, controls balance and coordinates movement
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| brainstem | continuous with spinal cord; divided into three parts
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| midbrain | upper region of the brainstem responsible for reflexes in the cranial nerves
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| pons | middle part of the brainstem which regulates respirations
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| medulla oblongata | lowest part of the brainstem that controls cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions
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| thalamus | receives and relays all sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex
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| olfactory | involving the sense of smell
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| hypothalamus | brain region that acts as regulator or thermostat of body temperature, appetite and digestion, water balance, sleeping and waking cycles, emotions, and regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations
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| corpus callosum | connects the two hemispheres of the brain
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| spinal cord | thick cord of nervous tissue that contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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| somatic nervous system | responsible for the voluntary responses, such as walking and talking
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| sympathetic nervous system | engages the bodies response to emergency situations
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| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system, assists in returning the body to normal after a stressful situation has occurred
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| brain abscess | accumulation of pus located in the brain tissue
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| aphasia | inability to communicate through speech due to injury or disease to part of the brain
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| cephalalgia | pain in the head, headache
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| dysphasia | difficult speech
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| hemiparesis | slight or partial paralysis on one half of the body
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| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body
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| narcolepsy | uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep
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| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve
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| paresthesia | sensation of numbness or tingling
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| syncope | fainting
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| alzheimer's disease | progressive deterioration of a person's intellectual functioning
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| ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | severe weakening of the motoneurons of the spinal cord and cortex, leading to progressive paralysis
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| bell's palsy | temporary or permanent weakness/paralysis of muscles in the face on one side
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| CVA -cerebrovascular accident | death of a specific portion of the brain tissue
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| epilepsy | syndrome of recurring episodes of seizures
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| hematoma | collection of blood within tissues
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| MS - multiple sclerosis | degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS
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| parkinson's disease | degenerative, slow, progressive deterioration of neurons in the brain stem
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| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain
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| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain/spinal cord
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| herpes zoster, shingles | acute viral infection with inflammation of the skin of a spinal or cranial nerve pathway
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| TIA - transient ischemic attack | temporary interruption of the blood supply to a portion of the brain
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| coma | deep state of unconsciousness/no responses
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| amnesia | disturbance in memory, inability to remember past experiences
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| hemorrhagic stroke - bleed | leak or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
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| EEG | electroencephalography, recording the electrical activity of the brain
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| LP - spinal tap | lumbar puncture, insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid
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| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief
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| myelogram | x-ray record of the spinal cord and spinal cavity
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| neurectomy | surgical excision of a nerve or nerve fibers
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| echoencephalography | ultrasound used to analyze the intracranial structures of the brain
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| Romberg test | to evaluate cerebellar function and balance
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| brain scan | nuclear scanning of the brain after intravenous injection of radiosotopes
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| craniotomy | surgical procedure to make an opening in the skull
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| nerve block | injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve to eliminate sensation to the area
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| rhizotomy | surgical resection of a spinal nerve root to relieve pain
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Created by:
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