Developmental Psychology quiz 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Formal Operational | Abstract thought and hypothesis testing, focus on hypothetical and ideological problems
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| Hypothetical-deductive reasoning | Refers to a style of problem solving in which all possible solutions to a problem are generated and then systematically evaluated to determine the correct answer(s)
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| Metacognition | Refers to the act of thinking about thinking, or the cognition of cognition. It is the ability for you to control your own thoughts.
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| Myelin | Is a fatty substance that covers neurons that helps increase the speed at which information can travel on the neurons.
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| Behavioral Approach System | It activates approach behaviors in response to cues for reward or non-punishment.
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| Behavioral Avoidance System | It activates inhibitory behaviors in response to signals of punishment, non-reward, novel stimuli, and innate fear stimuli.
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| Prefrontal Cortex | responsible for the executive functions, which include mediating conflicting thoughts, making choices between right and wrong or good and bad, predicting future events, and governing social control — such as suppressing emotional or sexual urges.
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| Nucleus Accumbens | Important part of the reward system, emotional learning, operant conditioning, motivation, self-reference; sympathy/ preference (unknown faces); empathy/ friendship; craving
Disorders,Addiction, Depression; Bipolar Disorder S
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| Amygdala | Is involved in emotions and motivations that are related to survival, processing of emotions such as fear, anger and pleasure, is also responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain.
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| Kohlberg's Levels of Moral Reasoning | Pre-conventional(4-10ish, Conventional (11 and up), Post-Conventional (Early/late adolescence, if ever
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| Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning | Punishment and Obedience, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange, Approval of others: "The Golden Rule" Social Concern and Conscience, Contracts/rights/democratic laws, Universal ethical principles
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| Pre-Conventional | Punishment and Obedience/Instrumental Purpose and Exchange
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| Conventional | Approval of Others: "The Golden Rule"/Social Concern and Conscience
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| Post-Conventional | Contracts, Rights, and Democratic Law/Universal Ethical Principles
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| Punishment and Obedience | At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.
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| Instrumental Purpose and Exchange | At this stage of moral development, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs.
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| Approval of Others: “The Golden Rule” | At this stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There is an emphasis on conformity, being "nice," and consideration of how choices influence relationships.
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| Social Concern and Conscience | At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority.
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| Contracts, Rights, and Democratic Laws | At this stage, people begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people. Rules of law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.
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| Universal Ethical Principles | At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.
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| Pituitary Gland | Is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the skull between the optic nerves that secretes hormones
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| Hypothalamus | Is an area of the brain that produces hormones that control: Body temperature, Hunger, Moods, Release of hormones from many glands, especially the pituitary gland, Sex drive, Sleep, and Thirst
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| Androgens | A male sex hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of the male sex characteristics. The major one is testosterone
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| Estrogens | the female sex hormones, including estradiol, estriol, and estrone. In humans, the estrogens are formed in the ovary, adrenal cortex, testis, and fetoplacental unit, and are responsible for female secondary sex characteristic development
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