Endocrine System Ch15 Terminology
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| endocrine glands | (crin/o)
ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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| pituitary gland/hypophysis | -master gland
-located behind the optic nerve
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| anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis | aden/o, hypophys/o
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| posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis | neur/o, hypophys/o
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| thyroid gland | (thyroid/o)
-located in the anterior part of the neck
-regulation of metabolism
-control of calcium deposited in bones (calcitonin)
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| regulation of metabolism | -tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine)
-triiodothyronine
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| parathyroid glands | (parathyroid/o)
-four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
-regulate calcium in the bloodstream
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| adrenal glands / suprarenals | (adren/o)
-located on top of each kidney
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| adrenal cortex | external portion (secretes steroids)
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| adrenal medulla | internal portion (sympathomimetic hormones
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| pancreas | (pancreat/o)
-located inferior and posterior to the stomach
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| exocrine function of the pancreas... | release digestive enzymes through a duct into the small intestines
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| endocrine function of the pancreas... | regulate glucose in the blood by stimulating the liver (Islets of Langerhans)
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| thymus gland | (thym/o)
-located in the mediastinum above the heart
-responsible for stimulating key cells for immune response
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| ovaries and testes | female and male gonads
(reproductive functions)
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| pineal gland | -located in the center of the brain
-secretion of melatonin
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| anorexia | lack of appetite
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| exophthalmia | protrusion of eyeballs from their orbits
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| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland, not due to tumor
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| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, especially in women
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| paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as prickling
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| tetany | continuous muscle spasms
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| hypocalcemia | condition of deficient calcium in the blood
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| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood
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| hypoglycemia | condition of deficient sugar in the blood
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| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood
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| hypokalemia | condition of deficient potassium in the blood
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| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood
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| SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
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| hyperthyroidism | -Graves disease
-thyrotoxicosis
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| hypothyroidism | -cretinism
-myxedema
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| RAI | radioactive iodine uptake scan
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| adrenalectomy | bilateral removal of the adrenal glands to reduce excess hormone secretion
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| hypophysectomy | excision of the pituitary gland
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| pancreatectomy | excision of the pancreas
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| parathyroidectomy | excision of the parathyroid gland
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| thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland
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