Diseases of the joints (Articulations)
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| Dislocation | Displacement of a bone from it's joint, usually involves damage to surrounding tissue | Trauma | Refer to dr., energy work appropriate but no stretching or massage until pain and inflammation subside
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| Subluxation | Partial dislocation of a bone from it's joint, sometimes referred to as "double-jointedness", usually follows ligament injury | Previous trauma, ligament injury, lax ligaments | Use caution, energy work can be effective, may be advisable to check with client's dr.
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| Bursitis | Inflammation of the fluid-filled pad between tendon and bone | Infection, trauma, overuse | Avoid deep work on affected areas, use caution around all painful areas
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| Tendonitis | Inflammation of a tendon | Infection, trauma, overuse | Avoid any areas that have acute inflammation
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| Osteoarthritis | Progressive, unsymmetrical deterioration and breakdown of articular cartilage, mainly in weight-bearing joints, loose bodies may develop in the joint space and react with the synovial membrane to cause pain, bone spurs may develop due to damage of joints | Wear and tear on joint leads to death of chondrocytes and subsequent thinning and degeneration of articular cartilage | Avoid areas of inflammation, be cautious of possible bone spurs
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| Rheumatiod arthritis | Severe form of chronic synovitis, stiffness and pain result from thickening synovium and projection of synovium into the joint, inflammation of smaller joints of hands, wrists, ankles and feet is common and symmetrical, may also affect heart. lungs, skin | Autoimmune reaction, usually initiated by infection | Avoid affected joints in acute and inflamed state
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| Gout | Metabolic disorder involving the development of tophi in and around joints and the ear lobes, 75% of attacks involve the big toe but other joints often become involved, affected joints are inflamed, red, and tender, acute episodes subside within 3-10 days | 90% of cases are of unknown causes in which the body is not able to excrete enough urea in the urine, predisposing factors include alcohol and obesity | Avoid affected joints when acute and inflamed, refer to dr.
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| Osgood-Schlatter disease | Partial avulsion of the tibial tuberosity from the shaft resulting in inflammation of bone and connective tissue of the anterior knee, usually occurs in males 10-16, calcification of the tuberosity is incomplete making it more easily fractured | "Growth spurt" causing the bone to grow faster then the muscle and tendon | Avoid affected area
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| Chondromalacia patellae | Softening and deterioration of the articular cartilage on the posterior patella, pain usually experienced when forcefully extending the knee | Instability of the knee, substantial misalignment of the patella on the femur, overuse, chronic subluxation of the patella | Get dr. advice due to potential damage (particularly in acute cases), massage to and stretching of the quadriceps would be beneficial and could relieve the problem
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| Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (tmd) | Any kind of abnormal functioning of the tmj | Trauma, poor posture, overuse from bruxism | TMD can change the position of the jaw, causing natural teeth, dentures, or bridges to fit together improperly, massage can relax muscles and relieve symptoms, work with dentist or physician if necessary
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| Degenerative disk disease of the spine | Deterioration of the intervertebral disks in the spinal column | Poor posture, repetitive movements of the spine such as flexion combined with rotation when carrying or lifting heavy objects, low tension for long periods of time | Do not massage painful areas, check with client's dr.
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