Bosch- Ch. 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| adaptation | characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
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| Examples of adaptations | structures and behaviors for finding food, for protection and for moving from place to place
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| species | group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring
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| evolution | process by which populations accumulate inhertited changes over time
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| fossils | the solidified remains or imprints of once-living organisms found in layers of rock and soil
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| fossil record | supplies evidence about the order in which evolutionary changes occurred
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| conditions necessary for fossils to form | organism buried in fine sediment and oxygen cannot be present
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| vestigial structures | remnants of once-useful structures such as hind limbs in modern whales
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| List 4 geological time scales or eras | Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
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| Stages of sedimentary rock cycle | weathering of preexisting rock, erosion, deposition, and compaction and cementation of sediment, sedimentary rock is formed
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| Charles Darwin | Theory of Evolution
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| Selective breeding | farmers choose certain traits and breed only the individuals with the desired traits
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| Natural selection | the process by which organisms with desired traits survive at a higher rate than organisms without the favorable traits
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| traits | distinguishing qualities
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| Steps of natural selection | Overproduction, genetic variation, struggle to survive, successful reproduction
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| overproduction | each species produces more offspring than will survive to maturity
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| genetic variation | individuals in a population have a unique combination of traits. Some will increase the chances the individual will survive and other traits decrease the chance of survival
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| struggle to survive | a natural environment does not have the food, water and resources for all to survive. Some are killed by other organisms
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| successful reproduction | individuals that are well adapted to their environment are more likely to survive
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| mutation | changes in a gene that cause variations in a species
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| generation time | the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation
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| Describe the changes in the peppered moth | Dark peppered moths were easy to see on gray trees in the 1850s. After 1850 soot blackened the trees, and the pale peppered moths became easy prey
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| speciation | process by which two populations can of the same species become so different that they can no longer interbreed
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