Compass Terms
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| attack point | an easy - to - find feature shown on the map from which the
final approach — “ attack ” — to the control may be made.
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| back - reading | looking back over the compass toward the point from which
you came.
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| base plate |
the rectangular plate of the orienteering compass on which the
compass housing is mounted.
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| cardinal points | the four principal points of the compass: north, east, south,
and west.
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| catching feature | a feature beyond the control that can be used to alert you
that you have gone too far.
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| check-off features | features along your route that help you confirm your
position on the map.
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| checkpoint |
a conspicuous feature in the landscape shown on the map and
used by the orienteer to check progress.
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| collecting feature | an obvious feature between you and the control that
helps guide you.
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| compass |
instrument for determining directions with the help of a strip of
magnetized steel swinging on a pivot.
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| compass, conventional | a compass generally enclosed in a watchcase - type
of housing.
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| contour interval |
the distance in height between one contour line and the
one next to it.
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| contouring | a method of traveling around an obstacle, such as a hill, by
keeping at the same elevation, thus following a contour.
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| control | one of several locations in the field to be visited by the orienteer
during an orienteering event. Marked on the master map by a red circle, and in the field by a prism - shaped orange - and - white marker.
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| control card | a card carried by the orienteer, to be marked at designated
controls in a prescribed sequence.
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| control description | a sheet or card with a brief explanation of the nature
of the controls to be visited, with code numbers coinciding with the numbers on the control markers.
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| control punch | usually a pin punch, placed at a control, to be used in
punching the control card as proof that the orienteer has visited the location. At some events, electronic punching systems are used.
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| cultural features | man - made landscape features: roads, buildings, etc.
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| declination | the angle between the direction the compass needle points
and the true - north line; the difference in degrees between magnetic - north direction and true - north direction in any given locality.
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| Compass Dial |
the rim or edge of the compass housing, usually marked
with the initials of the cardinal points and graduated in the 360 degrees of a circle.
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| Direction |
the relative location of one landscape feature to another.
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| direction - of - travel arrow | The arrow on the base plate of the orienteer-
ing compass that points in the direction of travel when the compass is
oriented.
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| Handrails |
a longish feature shown on the map running more or less parallel
to the direction to be followed.
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| hydrographic features | water features: streams, lakes, etc.; from Greek
hydro , water, and graphein , to write.
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| hypsographic features | elevations: hills and valleys; from Greek hypso ,
height, and graphein , to write.
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| index pointer |
a line on the base plate of the orienteering compass against
which the degree number of the dial on the compass housing is read.
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| intercardinal points |
the four points of the compass between the four
cardinal points: north - east, south - east, south - west, north - west.
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| International Orienteering Federation (IOF) | the organization governing
international orienteering competitions, www.orienteering.org
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| landmark |
a feature in the landscape that can be readily recognized -
anything from a prominent tree or rock, to a church or a lake.
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| latitude | distance in degrees north and south from the equator.
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| leg | a stretch of country to be negotiated between controls.
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| longitude |
distance in degrees east and west from the meridian through
Greenwich, England.
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| magnetic lines | lines on an orienteering map pointing to magnetic north.
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| map | a reduced representation of a portion of the surface of Earth.
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| map symbols | small designs used on a map to indicate the features of a
landscape.
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| master map |
a map on which the controls of an orienteering event are marked
and from which each orienteer marks his or her own map at the start.
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| meridians | lines on the map or imaginary lines in the field running true
north to true south.
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| orientation |
the process of determining one ’
s location in the fi eld with the
help of landscape features, map, or compass, or with all three combined.
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| orienteer |
a person who orienteers, that is, who participates in the sport
of orienteering.
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| orienteering |
the skill or the process of finding your way in the field with
map and compass combined.
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| orienteering compass |
a compass especially designed to simplify the pro-
cess of fi nding your way with map and compass. Usually has its compass
housing mounted on a rectangular base plate in such a way that it can be turned easily.
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| orienting arrow | arrow marking or parallel lines in or on housing of orienteering compass; used for setting the compass.
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| compass orienting |
holding a compass in such a way that the directions
of its dial coincide with the same directions in the field.
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| Map Orienting | turning a map in such a way that what is north on the map
corresponds with north in the field. Done by
“
inspection,
”
or with the
help of a compass.
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| pace | double - step
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| pace counting | measuring distance by counting the number of double -
steps taken.
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| pace scale | a special scale giving the number of paces to take for a measured distance on the map, selected for the individual and based on his or her step length.
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| protractor | instrument used for measuring angles, usually in degrees.
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| quadrangle | a rectangular tract of land depicted on a map.
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| route | the way taken between two controls.
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| scale | the ratio between a distance on the map and the actual distance in
the field.
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| steering mark | an easily identifiable feature in the landscape not shown on
the map, used by the orienteer to follow a bearing.
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| topographic maps | maps with contour lines and of high precision; from
the Greek topos , place, and graphein , to write
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| variation | another term for declination.
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| wayfaring | a leisurely form of orienteering in which enjoyment of nature
takes precedence over the competitive aspects of the sport. Commonly
called map hiking.
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| aiming off | a method by which the orienteer aims to one side of a control instead of directly at it.
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| bearing | originally the nautical term for the direction of an object from the ship. In orienteering defined as " a direction stated in compass degrees"
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| Housing | the part of the compass that houses the needle; on orienteering compasses, liquid filled, and turnable
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| Orienting Lines of Compass | the lines on the inside bottom of the compass housing parallel to the N-S orienting arrow of the compass housing. also called magnetic north lines or compass meridian lines
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