Terms for use in the Social Studies OGT
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| The Federal Reserve | The central Bank of the United States
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| Enlightenment | 18th century intellectual movement that said government was in place to protect rights of people
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| Divine Right | belief that monarchs were put in power by "God"
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| Absolute monarchy | Monarchs have absolute power over people's rights, all laws, etc.
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| money supply | amount of money in circulation in the US at any time
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| reserve requirement | % of deposits banks must keep on hand and not lend out
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| inflation | when prices keep rising faster than wages
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| Progressive Era | the Progressives were reacting to all the abuses of industrialization in America; wanted to improve peoples' lives
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| legislation | laws
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| command market | when the Government is in control of what products are made by companies
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| market economy | buyers choose what they want to purchase (supply and demand - iPhone)- not controlled by govt.
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| traditional economy | usually found in small communities where things are produced and distributed the way they always have been - not many of these left
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| mixed economy | mixture of all types of economies; most economies today are mixed
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| primary source | information that is written or drawn by someone who was present when an event happened (most credible)
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| secondary source | information written or drawn by someone who was NOT present when an event happened, but got the information from somewhere else
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| consequence | effect, result of something
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| Homestead Act | use to encourage settlement in the Great Plains, it offered free land to anyone who would live on it and farm it for 5 years
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| dictatorship | government run by a dictator; usually acquires power/position by force (Fidel Castro)
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| industrialization | developing industry in a country on a large scale
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| NOW | National Organization for Women - sought for more rights (employment and voting) for women
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| freedom of enterprise | Business governed by the laws of supply and demand , not restrained by government interference
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| common good | what is good (or in the best interest) of the greater number of people
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| Marshall Plan | large-scale program to send $$ to Europe to help rebuild after WWII (idea was to contain spread of Communism)
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| Truman Doctrine | policy put in place by Harry Truman that said we would support (economically & with our military) those countries (Greece and Turkey) that didn't want to be taken over as long as they turned away from Communism
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| Cold War | state of political conflict and military tension (but not actual war) between US and Soviet Union from 1947 - 1991
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| détente | friendship
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| Arms Race | period during the early Cold War when there was a competition between the US and Soviet Union to be first to create nuclear arms
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| Space Race | During the Cold War, the time during which US and Soviet Union were rushing to be the first to put rockets into space
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| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (block of countries who agree to defend each other in response to an attack by outside countries)
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| Warsaw Pact | response to NATO - made up of 8 communist states in who agreed to defend each other in times of attack)
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| democracy | a system of government by the whole population; officials are elected
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| theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God
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| Communism | a society where all property is publicly owned and each person is paid according to needs and abilities
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| partition | the division of a country into parts
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| apartheid | a policy of racial segregation previously practiced in South Africa involving discrimination of non-whites
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| reunification | to cause a group, party, state or sect to become unified again after being divided
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| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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| United Farm Workers (UFW) | founded by Cesar Chavez in mid-60's; led non-violent protests for better wages and hours for Mexican workers
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| National Organization for Women (NOW) | Founded in 1966 by Betty Friedan; wanted equal pay and job opportunities and attacked false images of women in the media
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| genocide | the deliberate killing of a large group of people (usually of a particular ethnic group)
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| urban | relating to a characteristic of a city or town
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| rural | relation to a characteristic of the country, or countryside rather than a town
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| urbanization | to make or become urban
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| suburbs | an outlying district of a city, usually residential
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| tariff | a tax or duty to be paid on imports or exports
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| trade deficit | how much a country's imports exceeds its exports
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| quota | a fixed number (or amount) of people or things
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| blockade | the act of sealing off a place to prevent goods from coming in or going out
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| trade surplus | the amount by which a country's exports exceeds the cost of its imports (making more money on products going out than paying for products coming in)
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| gross domestic product | total value of goods produced (or services provided) in one year
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