Lymphatic and immune systems
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| Lymph fluid | Lymph
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| Lymph | Name given to fluid that enters into lymphatic vessels
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| Lymph capillaries | Smallest, microscopic vessels of the lymphatic system, walls are composed of squamous epithelium to readily allow fluid to enter
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| Right lymphatic duct | Brings lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains into the right subclavian vein
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| Thoracic duct | Brings lymph from the upper left quadrant and lower extremities of the body and drains into the left subclavian vein
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| Cisterna chyli | Sac-like enlargement on the inferior portion of the thoracic duct
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| Lacteals | Small specialized lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine that carry lymph fluid and fat
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| Chyle | Lymph fluid and fat
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| Edema | Swelling
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| Subclavian vein | Continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein
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| Lymphoid organs | Organs that help remove impurities and process lymphocytes
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| Lymph nodes | Patches of lymphoid tissue that contain high amounts of phagocytes and produce lymphocytes, usually occur in clusters and carry the name of the region of the body where they are found
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| Spleen | Fist-sized organ found beneath the diaphragm on the left side of the body underneath the 11th and 12th ribs
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| Functions of the spleen | Filter the blood, produce red blood cells before birth, destroy old worn out red blood cells, reservoir for blood storage in case of hemorrhage
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| Tonsils | Three pair of lymphoid organs found in the pharynx, help to fight infection and filter blood
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| Pharynx | Throat
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| Pharyngeal tonsils | Adenoids
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| Adenoids | Located just below the nasopharynx
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| Palatine tonsils | Visible on the walls of the oropharynx when looking into the mouth
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| Lingual tonsils | Located on the posterior aspect of the tongue
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| Thymus | Lymphoid organ found in the mediastinum above the heart, produces thymosin
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| Thymosin | Hormone that converts white blood cells into T lymphocytes
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| T lymphocytes | Specialized white blood cells that originate from the thymus, responsible for activating and regulating the body's immune response
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| Nonspecific immunity | Defenses of the body that do not discriminate between one threat and another
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| Types of nonspecific immunity | Physical barriers, phagocytes, reflexes, inflammation, complement, interferon, normal flora
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| Complement | Destroys foreign cell walls
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| Interferon | Interfers with virus replication
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| Specific immunity | Immunity produced by lymphatic tissue and immune cells, results from exposure to a specific antigen from a foreign cell
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| Antibodies | Attach to a specific antigen, bind similar cells together, prepare the cells for phagocytosis
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| Immunoglobulins | Antibodies
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| T lymphocytes | T cells
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| T helper cells | Cells responsible for identifying an antigen as foreign and initiating defense mechanisms to defend against it
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| T cytotoxic cells | Cells capable of directly identifying a foreign antigen on the surface of a cell, binding to it, and destroying the cell
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| B cells | Specialized lymphocytes responsible for identifying a foreign antigen and differentiating into plasma cells to produce antibodies for that antigen
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| Memory cells | B cells that remain in the body for years after the first exposure to an antigen to provide protection in the event of a subsequent exposure
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| Inborn immunity | Immunity dependent on species, race, and individuality
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| Acquired immunity | Immunity that develops after exposure to a foreign antigen
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| Active naturally acquired immunity | Immunity acquired by actual exposure to the foreign antigen by natural means
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| Passive naturally acquired immunity | Immunity from antibodies inherited from the mother through the placenta or breast milk
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| Active artificially acquired immunity | Immunity developed after inoculation of a foreign antigen in a vaccine or in a killed or attenuated toxoid
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| Passive artificially acquired immunity | Immunity from antibodies taken from one individual and given to another
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