Chap 26
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| servicemen's readjustment act, GI Bill- 1944 | paid for education of returning veterans, gave them loans to buy farms and start businesses, encouraged spending on construction
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| baby boom | 50 million babies between 1945 and 1960
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| suburban growth | desperate need for housing led to construction, e.g. Levittown, Long Island, more ppl moved to the suburbs bc of low interest rates on mortgages, majority of the middle class became suburbanites
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| sunbelt | many GI's attracted to states in the Florida to CA zone bc of the warm climate, lower taxes, and defense-related industry opportunities
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| harry truman | moderate democratic senater from Missouri, honest, unpretentious, tried to continue new deal
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| employment act of 1946 | maintained full employment, created the council of economic advisers
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| council of economic advisers | advised the president and congress to promote national economic welfare
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| inflation; strikes | the OPA controls were relaxed and inflation rates rose 25%, workers wanted wages to catch up, so they went on strike in '46, truman seized mines and had soldiers ensure the United Mine Workers called off their strike
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| commitee on civil rights | truman established this committee in congress to challenge racial discrimination
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| 22 amendment | 1951, limited the president to a maximum of 2 full terms in office
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| Taft-Hartley Act- 1947 | probusiness, vetoed as a "slave-labor bill", overrode, checked unions by outlawing closed shops and union shops- requiring an employee to join a union, outlawed secondary boycotts, gave the president the power to invoke an 80 day cool off before a strike
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| Progressive Party | Liberal democrats formed a party bc they thought Trumans policies were too aggressive
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| Henry Wallace | former VP, Progressive nominee
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| States-rights Party, Dixiecrats | Southern democratic party, in reaction to Truman's support for civil rights
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| J Strom Thurmond | SC, presidential candidate for Dixiecrats
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| Thomas Dewey | NY gov., republican candidate, looked like a winner, overly cautious, led an unexciting campaign
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| Fair Deal | Truman's ambitious reform program- for health care insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights, public housing funds, and a new farm program, much like the New Deal
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| Cold War | conflict between Soviet Union and US, competition btwn the 2 world powers, communism vs democracy, short armed conflict, took world dangerously close to nuclear war
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| Soviet Union | communist empire, threat to capitalistic countries, led by Stalin, untrusted
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| United Nations | maintained international security and authorized peace-keeping missions led by Security Council, General Assembly provided representation
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| World Bank | New international bank for reconstruction and development, to rebiuld a wartorn world, soviets wouldnt participate, created in '44
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| Communist satellites | soviets argues that the russians needed buffer states or satellites- nations under control of a great power, to protect form another hitler-like invasion
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| Iron curtain | get-tough policy in washingotn,
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| winston churchill | declared "an iron curtain has descended across the continent" called for a partnership with western democracies to halt expansion of communism
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| george kennan | an expert on SOviet affairs, one of trumans 3 advisers had written that a longterm, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Riussian expansive tendencies wold cause the soviets to back off
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| dean acheson | undersecretary of state, another of trumans 3 advisers
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| containment policy | US foreign policy for Soviet aggression
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| truman doctrine | president asked for $400 million in economic and military aid to help Turkey and Greece against totalitarian regimes
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| marshall plan | European Roecovery Program, to help revive their economies and strengthen democratic governments, $12 billion was approved for Western European countries
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| berlin airlift | soviets cut off all access by land to german city, first major crisis, US didnt use force, sent in supplies to west berlin, pppl waited for war, but stalin didnt declare it
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| East, vs West Germany | US ally- Federal Republic of Germany, West & German Democratic Republic, East, a soviet satellite were both created by the berlin crisis
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | truman broke the tradition of having no permanent allies by joining a military defense pact to protect western europe, defended from outside attack
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| National Security Act | provided for a centralized dept of defense to coordinate the military, created the Natl security council, and the central intelligence agency for spies
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| arms race, NSC-68 | intense competittion to develop superior weapons, btwn the soviet union and US
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| US-Japanese Security Treaty | provided for US troops to remain in military bases in Japan for protection
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| Douglas McArthur | general, took firm charge of japanese reconstruction, set up a parliamentary democracy, let them retain emperor Hirohito
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| Chinese Civil War | the nationalist, Kuomintang party, led by Chiang Kai-shek and the Chinese communists, led by Mao Zedong were fighting for power
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| peoples republic of china | Mao zedong's regime in beijing, US refused to recognize
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| Taiwan | Formosa, island once under japanese rule, refuge for nationalists, chiang established his govt there
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| Sino-Soviet pact | Mao and stalin, 2 communist dictators, signed this, which provided further proof of a communist conspiracy
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| Kim II Sung | North Korean Communist leader
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| Syngman Rhee | South Korean conservative nationalist leader
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| Korean War, UN police action | North vs South Korea, North invaded south
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| 38th parallel | MacArthur stabalized fighting here, called for an expanded war with bombing and invasion
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| Dennis et al. v. US | supreme court case that upheld the constitutionality of the smith act
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| Smith Act- '40 | made it legal to advocate or teach the overthrow of the govt by force or to belong to an organization with this objective
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| McCarran Internal Security Act | made it unlawful to support the establichment of a totalitarian government, restricted the employment and travel of those joining Communist-front organizations, authorized the creation of detention camps for subversives
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| House Un-American Activities Committee | originally established to seek out nazis, reactivated to find communists
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| Alger Hiss | a prominent official in the state dept who had assisted FDR at Yalta, denies he was a communist, convicted of perjury and sent to prison, made ppl think the govt was infiltrated by communists
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| Whittaker Chambers | a confessed communist, witness for HUAC, his testimony and the investigative work of NIzon led to Hiss's trial
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| Rosenburg case | Klaus Fuchs, a british scientist who worked on the manhattan project admitted giving secrets to the russians, NY'ers Julius and ethel were found giulty of treason and executed for the same crime
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| Joseph McCarthy | Rep senator from Wisconsin, rode the wave of anticommunist feelings, discredited the truamn admin and kept the focus on himself to get reelected
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